Abstract: This application provides an optical communication system and a communication method. The optical communication system includes: a first WSS, configured to transmit an optical signal with a first wavelength to a second WSS through a first link; the second WSS, configured to transmit the first optical signal with the first wavelength to a second node; a third WSS, configured to transmit an optical signal with a second wavelength to a fourth WSS through a second link; the fourth WSS, configured to transmit the optical signal with the second wavelength to the second node, where the third WSS is configured to transmit an optical signal with a third wavelength to the second WSS through a third link, and the second WSS is configured to transmit the optical signal with the third wavelength to the second node.

Abstract: An optical waveguide structure and a manufacturing method, an optical waveguide module, an optical switching device, and an optical waveguide system are provided, and belong to the field of optical communication. The optical waveguide structure includes: at least two optical waveguides disposed in a stacked manner, where a first optical waveguide channel is disposed between two optical waveguides located at different layers in the at least two optical waveguides, and two ends of the first optical waveguide channel are physically connected to the two optical waveguides.

Abstract: An optical waveguide structure and a manufacturing method, an optical waveguide module, an optical switching device, and an optical waveguide system are provided, and belong to the field of optical communication. The optical waveguide structure includes: at least two optical waveguides disposed in a stacked manner, where a first optical waveguide channel is disposed between two optical waveguides located at different layers in the at least two optical waveguides, and two ends of the first optical waveguide channel are physically connected to the two optical waveguides.

Abstract: Computerized singular value decomposition of an input complex matrix. A real-value matrix representation of the input complex matrix is provided to a singular value decomposition module, which correctly obtains a singular value representation of the real-value matrix representation. However, the result is not provided in a form for convenient conversion back into a valid singular value decomposition solution for the original input complex matrix, as the upper left half and lower right half of the diagonal of the diagonal matrix are not identical. A correction module corrects by formulating a corrected diagonal matrix that represents the value of the diagonal of the first diagonal matrix, but shuffled so that the upper left half of the diagonal of the second diagonal matrix is the same as the lower right half of the diagonal of the second diagonal matrix. Corrected unitary matrices may also be formed.

Abstract: Computerized singular value decomposition of an input complex matrix. A real-value matrix representation of the input complex matrix is provided to a singular value decomposition module, which correctly obtains a singular value representation of the real-value matrix representation. However, the result is not provided in a form for convenient conversion back into a valid singular value decomposition solution for the original input complex matrix, as the upper left half and lower right half of the diagonal of the diagonal matrix are not identical. A correction module corrects by formulating a corrected diagonal matrix that represents the value of the diagonal of the first diagonal matrix, but shuffled so that the upper left half of the diagonal of the second diagonal matrix is the same as the lower right half of the diagonal of the second diagonal matrix. Corrected unitary matrices may also be formed.