Abstract: System testing is described. An example system testing method includes: acquiring module relationship information for a system under test, the system under test including a plurality of modules, the module relationship information indicating a logical relationship between each two of the plurality of modules; and testing at least two modules in the system under test based on the module relationship information, the at least two modules being associated with each other for the same function implemented by the system under test. By use of the technical solution of the present disclosure, both system and module perspectives can be applied to system integration testing, so as to achieve a more comprehensive system testing coverage and find problems in the system under test as soon as possible, which can help to improve the system testing coverage and system testing efficiency.

Abstract: The disclosed technology generally describes separating types of data chunks in a copy-on-write/MVCC B+ tree, chunk-based data storage system, and also allocating the sizes of leaf chunks to be smaller than that of other (e.g., internal and root node) chunks. By having leaf chunks separate from node chunks, the probability of having a fully reclaimable (without copying) chunk is increased. Similarly, by having smaller sized leaf chunks relative to node chunks, the probability of having a fully reclaimable (without copying) leaf chunks is increased. The technology thus facilitates more efficient garbage collection.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product for managing a storage system are provided. For example, in a method, a tree index of the storage system is obtained, where a leaf node among multiple leaf nodes in the tree index comprising a keyword and an attribute of an object among multiple objects in the storage system. Respective attributes of nodes in a set of the multiple leaf nodes in the tree index are obtained, and the set of the multiple leaf nodes having a same parent node. The tree index is updated based on respective attributes of the leaf nodes in the set of the multiple leaf nodes. With the above example implementations, performance of the index of the storage system can be increased, and further overall response speed of the storage system can be improved. Further, there is provided an apparatus and computer program product for managing a storage system.

Abstract: The disclosed technology generally describes separating types of data chunks in a copy-on-write/MVCC B+ tree, chunk-based data storage system, and also allocating the sizes of leaf chunks to be smaller than that of other (e.g., internal and root node) chunks. By having leaf chunks separate from node chunks, the probability of having a fully reclaimable (without copying) chunk is increased. Similarly, by having smaller sized leaf chunks relative to node chunks, the probability of having a fully reclaimable (without copying) leaf chunks is increased. The technology thus facilitates more efficient garbage collection.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, apparatuses, a system and computer program products for managing storage units. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, it is determined whether a first storage unit allocated at a first node is reclaimable, wherein data in the first storage unit is backed up to a second storage unit at a second node. In response to determining that the first storage unit is reclaimable, a condition to be satisfied for reclaiming the second storage unit is determined. A command indicating the condition is sent to the second node, such that the second node reclaims the second storage unit in response to the condition being satisfied. Moreover, in response to the command being sent, the first storage unit is reclaimed. The embodiments of the present disclosure enable timely reclaiming of storage units, thereby improving utilization of the storage space effectively.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, apparatuses, a system and computer program products for managing storage units. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, it is determined whether a first storage unit allocated at a first node is reclaimable, wherein data in the first storage unit is backed up to a second storage unit at a second node. In response to determining that the first storage unit is reclaimable, a condition to be satisfied for reclaiming the second storage unit is determined. A command indicating the condition is sent to the second node, such that the second node reclaims the second storage unit in response to the condition being satisfied. Moreover, in response to the command being sent, the first storage unit is reclaimed. The embodiments of the present disclosure enable timely reclaiming of storage units, thereby improving utilization of the storage space effectively.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product for managing a storage system are provided. For example, in a method, a tree index of the storage system is obtained, where a leaf node among multiple leaf nodes in the tree index comprising a keyword and an attribute of an object among multiple objects in the storage system. Respective attributes of nodes in a set of the multiple leaf nodes in the tree index are obtained, and the set of the multiple leaf nodes having a same parent node. The tree index is updated based on respective attributes of the leaf nodes in the set of the multiple leaf nodes. With the above example implementations, performance of the index of the storage system can be increased, and further overall response speed of the storage system can be improved. Further, there is provided an apparatus and computer program product for managing a storage system.