Abstract: In an embodiment, a dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) system configures an inactive portion of a DRAM die to operate in accordance with a self-refresh mode that is characterized by refreshes of the DRAM die being controlled by a local DRAM die controller integrated into the DRAM die. The DRAM system also configures an active portion of the DRAM die to operate in accordance with a controller-managed refresh mode while the inactive portion of the DRAM die operates in the self-refresh mode, the controller-managed refresh mode characterized by refreshes of the DRAM die being controlled by a controller that is external to the DRAM die.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) system configures an inactive portion of a DRAM die to operate in accordance with a self-refresh mode that is characterized by refreshes of the DRAM die being controlled by a local DRAM die controller integrated into the DRAM die. The DRAM system also configures an active portion of the DRAM die to operate in accordance with a controller-managed refresh mode while the inactive portion of the DRAM die operates in the self-refresh mode, the controller-managed refresh mode characterized by refreshes of the DRAM die being controlled by a controller that is external to the DRAM die.

Abstract: An encoder may have a compressed mode in which a stream of input characters may be encoded into code words. The encoder may have a transparent mode in which the output stream is substantially identical to the input stream. The encoder may switch from one mode to the other based at least in part upon a data compressibility test. The test may comprise comparing an N-segment sliding average of the number of bits required by the encoder in compressed mode to represent a segment of a fixed number of characters to the number of bits required by the encoder in transparent mode to represent the segment.

Abstract: An encoder may have a compressed mode in which a stream of input characters may be encoded into code words. The encoder may have a transparent mode in which the output stream is substantially identical to the input stream. The encoder may switch from one mode to the other based at least in part upon a data compressibility test. The test may comprise comparing an N-segment sliding average of the number of bits required by the encoder in compressed mode to represent a segment of a fixed number of characters to the number of bits required by the encoder in transparent mode to represent the segment.

Abstract: A wireless system may include a separately accessible protocol stack and security services module. The security services module may handle cryptographic algorithms and other security services. Since the modules are separately accessible, the protocol stack may be developed, tested and updated independently of the security services module and vice versa.