Abstract: A semiconductor structure having a ring. The semiconductor structure includes a substrate, at least one chip, and the ring. The substrate has a first surface. The chip is located on the first surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the substrate. The ring has a first portion and a second portion. In various embodiments, the first and second portions different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), and or different cross-sectional widths. In another embodiment, the ring includes a third portion having a CTE different from both the first and second CTEs.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure having a ring. The semiconductor structure includes a substrate, at least one chip, and the ring. The substrate has a first surface. The chip is located on the first surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the substrate. The ring has a first portion and a second portion. In various embodiments, the first and second portions different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), and or different cross-sectional widths. In another embodiment, the ring includes a third portion having a CTE different from both the first and second CTEs.

Abstract: A ball grid array package includes a substrate having a lower surface formed with several ball-mounting regions, a selective pad-mounting block, and an identifying mark for indicating the selective pad-mounting block. A die is disposed on an upper surface of the substrate. A molding resin is encapsulated on the substrate for enclosing the die. A plurality of solder balls is mounted on the lower surface of the substrate and is coupled electrically to the die for establishing electrical communication with an external electronic device.

Abstract: Described is a bookmark having a bookmark body, on which a bookmark clip is disposed. The bookmark clip can clam the cover or inner pages of a book to prevent the bookmark body from falling off from the book. The bookmark body is bendable and includes a protection surface of mounting the bookmark clip, a bendable surface and folding sheet capable of being inserted into content pages of a book. The bookmark can be repeatedly used for many times while having the features of being simple in structure, easy to manufacture, and flexible and convenient to use.

Abstract: A flip-chip substrate for bonding with a chip is provided. The chip has an active surface with a plurality of bonding pads and each bonding pad has a bump thereon. The flip-chip substrate has a plurality of contact pads that correspond in positions with the bonding pads on the chip such that the chip pads are aligned to their corresponding contact pads at the melting point of the bump material.

Abstract: A flip-chip substrate for bonding with a chip is provided. The chip has an active surface with a plurality of bonding pads and each bonding pad has a bump thereon. The flip-chip substrate has a plurality of contact pads that correspond in positions with the bonding pads on the chip such that the chip pads are aligned to their corresponding contact pads at the melting point of the bump material.

Abstract: A cover apparatus for a book is provided. The cover apparatus includes a body portion that defines a substantially plainer protecting surface which attaches to an inner page of a book. The cover apparatus also includes a folding piece portion extending laterally to the body portion. The folding piece portion is formed with a plurality of laterally extending folding piece strips which are separably disposed one relative to the other in substantially parallel manner. The folding piece portion has formed thereon a plurality of longitudinally extending folding lines such that each folding piece strip may be bent along at least a portion of one folding line.

Abstract: A cover member of a book includes: at least a foldable bookmark flap integrally formed on a longitudinal edge of a book cover or a dust cover of a book, or a foldable flap integrally secured to an upper edge or a bottom edge of the cover, whereby upon folding of the bookmark flap to be inserted between the pages of the book, a bookmark is provided for conveniently marking a reading place in the book and the flap inserted into the pages of the book will also protect the pages from dust contamination or atmospheric oxidation.