Abstract: Sub-pixel circuits and methods of forming sub-pixel circuits that may be utilized in a display, such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, are provided. In one example, a sub-pixel includes a substrate, adjacent overhang structures, an anode, an OLED material, a cathode, an encapsulation layer stack. The encapsulation layer stack includes a first layer, a second layer disposed over the first layer, and a third layer. The first layer and the second layer have a first portion disposed over the cathode, a second portion disposed over a sidewall of each overhang structure, and a third portion disposed under an underside surface of an extension of each overhang structure. A gap is defined by contact of the first portion of the second layer and the third portion of the second layer. The third layer is disposed over the second layer outside of the gap.

Abstract: A package structure and method for forming the same are provided. The package structure includes a substrate having a front-side surface and a back-side surface, and an electrical device formed over the front-side surface of a substrate. The package structure includes a dielectric layer formed below and in direct contact with the back-side surface of the substrate, and a first optical device formed in the dielectric layer. The package structure also includes a protective layer formed below or above the first optical device; and an electro-optic effect material layer formed in the protective layer.

Abstract: A package structure and a formation method are provided. The method includes forming electrical devices over a substrate and forming an interconnect structure over front sides of the electrical devices. The method also includes thinning the substrate and forming backside through vias connecting to backsides of the electrical devices. The method also includes attaching a waveguide layer over backsides of the electrical devices and forming conductive vias through the waveguide layer and electrically connected to the backside through vias.

Abstract: A package structure is provided, and includes an interposer, a control unit, a plurality of computing units, a signal transmission layer, and an electric-optical material. The control unit is bonded to the interposer. The computing units are disposed around and connected to the control unit. The signal transmission layer is formed in the control unit and the computing units. The electric-optical material is formed in the control unit and the computing units, and the electric-optical material overlaps the signal transmission layer.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) with a first structure of a ordinary optical material is enhanced with a second structure of a nonlinear optical material. The second structure provides or enhances nonlinear optical effects within the PIC. The first structure and the second structure may be in distinct layers. The first structure may be directly over and in contact with the second structure. Alternatively, the first structure and the second structures may be evanescently coupled while being vertically separated by a layer of cladding material. Lateral spacing may be used in combination with vertically spacing to precisely control a degree coupling between the first structure and the second structure.

Abstract: A method includes fabricating active-region structures extending in a first direction on a substrate, and fabricating a plurality of gate-conductors extending in a second direction above the substrate. The method also includes fabricating a backside horizontal conducting line in a backside first conducting layer below the substrate and having the backside horizontal conducting line extending in the first direction across a vertical boundary of a circuit cell. The method further includes fabricating a pin-connector that is connected to the backside horizontal conducting line, and fabricating a backside vertical conducting line extending in the second direction in a backside second conducting layer below the backside first conducting layer. The pin-connector is directly connected between the backside horizontal conducting line and the backside vertical conducting line.

Abstract: A novel automobile charger comprises a direct current (DC) voltage supply, wherein a positive pole of the (DC) voltage supply is connected with a first end or a first lead of a DC-to-DC module, a first end of a battery voltage detection module and a first end of a load module simultaneously, while a negative pole of the DC voltage supply is connected with a second end of the DC-to-DC module, a first end of a microcontroller, a first end of an automobile start control module and a second end of the battery voltage detection module simultaneously. A third end of the DC-to-DC module is connected with a second end of the microcontroller. Third, fourth and fifth ends of the microcontroller are connected with a third end of the battery voltage detection module, a second end of the automobile start control module and a first end of a load detection module respectively.

Abstract: A method of producing lipid-based micro/nano bubbles includes steps of (a) preparing a lipid mixture including one or more first lipids with different phase transition temperature, and a second lipid bonding with a hydrophilic polymer moiety or molecules capable of getting across a lipid membrane and decreasing van der Waals forces between lipid bilayers; (b) emulsifying the lipid mixture with a solvent, to form a transparent lipid carrier solution; (c) placing the transparent lipid carrier solution in a closed vessel with halo-substituted hydrocarbon; (d) manipulating temperature of the transparent lipid carrier solution to be close to a main phase transition temperature thereof; and (e) agitating in a mechanical manner the vessel containing the transparent lipid carrier solution to form micro/nano bubbles within the closed vessel. This method contributes to form micro/nano bubbles with desired diameters in a way of optimal material utilization efficiency.

Abstract: A novel automobile charger which comprises a direct current voltage, wherein a positive pole of the direct current voltage is connected with one end or lead of a DC to DC module, one end of a battery voltage detection module and one end of a load module simultaneously, while a negative pole of a battery is connected with the other end of the DC to DC module, one end of a microcontroller, one end of an automobile start control module and the other end of the battery voltage detection module simultaneously. A third end of the DC to DC module is connected with the other end of the microcontroller, the other three ends of which are connected with a third end of the battery voltage detection module, the other end of the automobile start control module and one end of a load detection module respectively. The other end of the load detection module is connected with a third end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the load module simultaneously.

Abstract: A novel automobile charger which comprise a battery, wherein a positive pole of the battery is connected with a first end of a DC to DC module, a first end of a battery voltage detection module and a first end of a load module simultaneously, while a negative pole of the battery is connected with a second end of the DC to DC module, a first end of a microcontroller, a first end of an automobile start control module and a second end of the battery voltage detection module simultaneously. A third end of the DC to DC module is connected with a second end of the microcontroller, the three second ends of which are connected with a third end of the battery voltage detection module, a second end of the automobile start control module and a first end of the load detection module respectively. A second end of the load detection module is connected with a third end of the automobile start control module and a second end of the load module simultaneously.

Abstract: A novel automobile charger which comprise a direct current voltage, wherein a positive pole of the direct current voltage is connected with one end or lead of a DC to DC module, one end of a battery voltage detection module and one end of a load module simultaneously, while a negative pole of the battery is connected with the other end of the DC to DC module, one end of a microcontroller , one end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the battery voltage detection module simultaneously. A third end of the DC to DC module is connected with the other end of the microcontroller, the other three ends of which are connected with the third end of the battery voltage detection module, the other end of the automobile start control module and one end of the load detection module respectively. The other end of the load detection module is connected with the third end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the load module simultaneously.

Abstract: A novel automobile charger which comprise a direct current voltage, wherein a positive pole of the direct current voltage is connected with one end or lead of a DC to DC module, one end of a battery voltage detection module and one end of a load module simultaneously, while a negative pole of the battery is connected with the other end of the DC to DC module, one end of a microcontroller, one end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the battery voltage detection module simultaneously. A third end of the DC to DC module is connected with the other end of the microcontroller, the other three ends of which are connected with the third end of the battery voltage detection module, the other end of the automobile start control module and one end of the load detection module respectively. The other end of the load detection module is connected with the third end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the load module simultaneously.

Abstract: A novel automobile charger which comprise a direct current voltage, wherein a positive pole of the direct current voltage is connected with one end or lead of a DC to DC module, one end of a battery voltage detection module and one end of a load module simultaneously, while a negative pole of the battery is connected with the other end of the DC to DC module, one end of a microcontroller, one end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the battery voltage detection module simultaneously. A third end of the DC to DC module is connected with the other end of the microcontroller, the other three ends of which are connected with the third end of the battery voltage detection module, the other end of the automobile start control module and one end of the load detection module respectively. The other end of the load detection module is connected with the third end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the load module simultaneously.

Abstract: A novel automobile charger which comprise a direct current voltage, wherein a positive pole of the direct current voltage is connected with one end or lead of a DC to DC module, one end of a battery voltage detection module and one end of a load module simultaneously, while a negative pole of the battery is connected with the other end of the DC to DC module, one end of a microcontroller, one end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the battery voltage detection module simultaneously. A third end of the DC to DC module is connected with the other end of the microcontroller, the other three ends of which are connected with the third end of the battery voltage detection module, the other end of the automobile start control module and one end of the load detection module respectively. The other end of the load detection module is connected with the third end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the load module simultaneously.

Abstract: A novel automobile charger which comprise a direct current voltage, wherein a positive pole of the direct current voltage is connected with one end or lead of a DC to DC module, one end of a battery voltage detection module and one end of a load module simultaneously, while a negative pole of the battery is connected with the other end of the DC to DC module, one end of a microcontroller, one end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the battery voltage detection module simultaneously. A third end of the DC to DC module is connected with the other end of the microcontroller, the other three ends of which are connected with the third end of the battery voltage detection module, the other end of the automobile start control module and one end of the load detection module respectively. The other end of the load detection module is connected with the third end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the load module simultaneously.

Abstract: A novel automobile charger which comprise a direct current voltage, wherein a positive pole of the direct current voltage is connected with one end or lead of a DC to DC module, one end of a battery voltage detection module and one end of a load module simultaneously, while a negative pole of the battery is connected with the other end of the DC to DC module, one end of a microcontroller, one end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the battery voltage detection module simultaneously. A third end of the DC to DC module is connected with the other end of the microcontroller, the other three ends of which are connected with the third end of the battery voltage detection module, the other end of the automobile start control module and one end of the load detection module respectively. The other end of the load detection module is connected with the third end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the load module simultaneously.

Abstract: A novel automobile charger which comprise a direct current voltage, wherein a positive pole of the direct current voltage is connected with one end or lead of a DC to DC module, one end of a battery voltage detection module and one end of a load module simultaneously, while a negative pole of the battery is connected with the other end of the DC to DC module, one end of a microcontroller, one end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the battery voltage detection module simultaneously. A third end of the DC to DC module is connected with the other end of the microcontroller, the other three ends of which are connected with the third end of the battery voltage detection module, the other end of the automobile start control module and one end of the load detection module respectively. The other end of the load detection module is connected with the third end of the automobile start control module and the other end of the load module simultaneously.

Abstract: A novel automobile charger comprises a direct current (DC) voltage supply, wherein a positive pole of the (DC) voltage supply is connected with a first end or a first lead of a DC-to-DC module, a first end of a battery voltage detection module and a first end of a load module simultaneously, while a negative pole of the DC voltage supply is connected with a second end of the DC-to-DC module, a first end of a microcontroller, a first end of an automobile start control module and a second end of the battery voltage detection module simultaneously. A third end of the DC-to-DC module is connected with a second end of the microcontroller. Third, fourth and fifth ends of the microcontroller are connected with a third end of the battery voltage detection module, a second end of the automobile start control module and a first end of a load detection module respectively.

Abstract: A novel automobile charger comprises a direct current (DC) voltage supply, wherein a positive pole of the DC voltage supply is connected with a first end or a first lead of a DC-to-DC module, a first end of a battery voltage detection module and a first end of a load module simultaneously, while a negative pole of the DC voltage supply is connected with a second end of the DC-to-DC module, a first end of a microcontroller, a first end of an automobile start control module and a second end of the battery voltage detection module simultaneously. A third end of the DC-to-DC module is connected with a second end of the microcontroller. A first end, a fourth end, and a fifth end of the microcontroller are connected with a third end of the battery voltage detection module, a second end of the automobile start control module and a first end of a load detection module respectively.

Abstract: A method of producing lipid-based micro/nano bubbles includes steps of (a) preparing a lipid mixture including one or more first lipids with different phase transition temperature, and a second lipid bonding with a hydrophilic polymer moiety or molecules capable of getting across a lipid membrane and decreasing van der Waals forces between lipid bilayers; (b) emulsifying the lipid mixture with a solvent, to form a transparent lipid carrier solution; (c) placing the transparent lipid carrier solution in a closed vessel with halo-substituted hydrocarbon; (d) manipulating temperature of the transparent lipid carrier solution to be close to a main phase transition temperature thereof; and (e) agitating in a mechanical manner the vessel containing the transparent lipid carrier solution to form micro/nano bubbles within the closed vessel. This method contributes to form micro/nano bubbles with desired diameters in a way of optimal material utilization efficiency.