Abstract: A high sensitivity array-based detection system includes a plurality of probes immobilized onto a plurality of locations provided on a surface of a patterned array, such as a microarray. At least one target selectively binds to at least one of the plurality of probes when disposed proximate thereto under appropriate conditions, such as temperature and pH. The target includes at least one bound particle. The bound particle includes a plurality of label molecules. Alternatively, the target can be immobilized to the surface of the array, such as from a sample suspected of including the target. An excitation light source provides excitation light incident to one or more locations on the patterned array. A photodetector detects emanated signals from the patterned array. The photodetector can be a commercially available digital camera.

Abstract: An air filtering device includes an inner seat member, an outer seat member, and a multi-layer filter medium. The inner seat member has opposed first and second sides and a plurality of first air passages extending therethrough from the first side to the second side. The outer seat member has opposed third and fourth sides and a plurality of second air passages extending therethrough from the third side to the fourth side. The multi-layer filter medium is sandwiched between the second side of the inner seat member and the third side of the outer seat member. The multi-layer filter medium has a polypropylene fabric layer, a far-infrared radiation material layer, and an activated carbon fiber layer connected to one another. The first air passages are registered with the second air passages.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting an electronegative species comprises an analysis chamber, an inlet communicating with the analysis chamber for admitting a sample containing the electronegative species and an ionizable component, a radioactive source within the analysis chamber for emitting radioactive energy for ionizing a component of the sample, a proportional electron detector within the analysis chamber for detecting electrons emitted from the ionized component, and a circuit for measuring the electrons and determining the presence of the electronegative species by detecting a reduction in the number of available electrons due to capture of electrons by the electronegative species.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a gaseous electronegative species comprises the steps of providing an analysis chamber; providing an electric field of known potential within the analysis chamber; admitting into the analysis chamber a gaseous sample containing the gaseous electronegative species; providing a pulse of free electrons within the electric field so that the pulse of free electrons interacts with the gaseous electronegative species so that a swarm of electrically charged particles is produced within the electric field; and, measuring the mobility of the electrically charged particles within the electric field.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of operation are described for determining, with isotopic selectivity, the number of noble gas atoms in a sample. The analysis is conducted within an evacuated chamber which can be isolated by a valve from a vacuum pumping system capable of producing a pressure of 10.sup.-8 Torr. Provision is made to pass pulses of laser beams through the chamber, these pulses having wavelengths appropriate for the resonance ionization of atoms of the noble gas under analysis. A mass filter within the chamber selects ions of a specific isotope of the noble gas, and means are provided to accelerate these selected ions sufficiently for implantation into a target. Specific types of targets are discussed. An electron measuring device produces a signal relatable to the number of ions implanted into the target and thus to the number of atoms of the selected isotope of the noble gas removed from the gas sample.