Abstract: An upper for an article of footwear is configured to be connected to a sole structure and is configured to receive a foot. The upper includes a knitted component having a strobel portion that is configured to be disposed underneath the foot. The strobel portion defines an interior surface and an exterior surface of the knitted component. The strobel portion defines a strobel passage between the interior surface and the exterior surface. Also, the upper includes a tensile strand that extends through the strobel passage.

Abstract: A wearable device includes a host, a first belt, a second belt, a circuit board, a cable, and an adjustment mechanism. The first belt, one end of which is connected to a first side of the host, has a cable holding part. One end of the second belt is connected to a second side of the host. The circuit board is disposed at an overlap of the first belt and the second belt. A first end and a second end opposite to each other of the cable are connected to the circuit board and the first side respectively, and a holding section of the cable is fixed to the cable holding part. The adjusting mechanism is disposed at an overlap of the first belt and the second belt to adjust an overlapping length of the first belt and the second belt.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure includes a first metal feature formed into a first dielectric layer, a second metal feature formed into a second dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer being disposed on said first dielectric layer, and a via connecting the first metal feature to the second metal feature, wherein a top portion of the via is offset from a bottom portion of the via.

Abstract: A method of bandwidth allocation in a Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) network includes: congestion degree of a present node in the RPR network is determined. There is an upstream node and a downstream node of the present node in the RPR network. A present local arrival rate of local traffic flows of the present node from at least one client is obtained. An average transit rate of fairness eligible (FE) flows of the present node in a past time period is calculated. An effective node number for the present node and a present temporal fair rate of the present node are calculated respectively. A present local fair rate of the present node is obtained by looking up a local fair rate table. Transit rate transmitted by the upstream node is controlled according to the present local fair rate of the present node.

Abstract: A dynamic bandwidth allocation method of an Ethernet passive optical network, comprises a predictor and a rule of QoS-promoted dynamic bandwidth allocation (PQ-DBA); the predictor predicts a client behavior and numbers of various kinds of packets by using a pipeline scheduling predictor consisted of a pipelined recurrent neural network (PRNN), and a learning rule of the extended recursive least squares (ERLS); the present invention establishes a better QoS traffic management for the OLT-allocated ONU bandwidth and client packets sent by priority.

Abstract: A dynamic bandwidth allocation method of an Ethernet passive optical network, comprises a predictor and a rule of QoS-promoted dynamic bandwidth allocation (PQ-DBA); the predictor predicts a client behavior and numbers of various kinds of packets by using a pipeline scheduling predictor consisted of a pipelined recurrent neural network (PRNN), and a learning rule of the extended recursive least squares (ERLS); the present invention establishes a better QoS traffic management for the OLT-allocated ONU bandwidth and client packets sent by priority.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for power-efficient transmission supporting integrated service over WLAN. The said invention combines the polling-based and the contention-based mechanisms, named on-demand polling (ODP). In the ODP scheme, a voice station is in the polling list when it is in the active mode. During the idle mode, it is configured to operate in the sleep mode for saving power. Also, it adopts the contention-based mechanism to join the list again while returning from the idle mode. On the other hand, the data station adopts the contention-based mechanism to transmit its packets over WLAN. In addition, to achieve service differentiation, the said invention also employs a prioritized access probability for voice over data services. Simulation results show that the said invention can reduce the power consumption for voice stations and enhance the throughput for data stations.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for a closed-loop power control in a code-division multiple-access communication system wherein both received signal quality and communication channel quality are used to determine appropriate transmitter power, and transmission may be suspended when a channel quality metric, such as by short-term fading, degrades below a preset minimum threshold, or when a commanded transmitter power exceeds a preset maximum threshold, and wherein the transmitter power is controlled to mitigate fading effects so that received signal quality metric, such as by the average received signal power or by the average received SIR over a control cycle, approaches a preset desired level, and by momentarily suspending a remote terminal, overall system capacity and throughput may be enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method using Q-learning rule to accurately estimate the transmission cost for the multi-rate transmission control (MRTC) for RRC (radio resource control) in the WCDMA network. This method comprises the following iterative steps: first obtaining a system state and an action using an incoming request, a mean of interference and a variance of interference, then obtaining Q values based on the system state and the action. Afterwards, allocating an optimal action with the Q values, and when a new request with a new state arrives, going back to the first step and updating the Q values using the new state and a cost function based on the system state and the action.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing fast handoff in WLAN-like communications system construct a caching candidate set based upon a weighted handoff tendency coefficient. The weighted handoff tendency coefficient is based upon the handoff matrix and the weighting factor. The handoff matrix is an adaptive two-dimensional array that provides a list of nearby access points relative to a mobile station and the weighting factor is a value that prioritizes the nearby access points based upon a signal quality indication. A home access point, once it is triggered to initialize proactive caching, provides the caching candidate set with registration data of the mobile station before a transfer of a connection between the home access point and one of the access points on the caching candidate set.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus and related method for reducing the delay variance of a plurality of data transmitted from a sender to a receiver in a communication system are disclosed. The method includes: assigning a permission probability to the sender; and before a data is to be sent to the receiver from the sender, and determining if the sender is allowed to transmit the data according to the permission probability.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for power-efficient transmission supporting integrated service over WLAN. The said invention combines the polling-based and the contention-based mechanisms, named on-demand polling (ODP). In the ODP scheme, a voice station is in the polling list when it is in the active mode. During the idle mode, it is configured to operate in the sleep mode for saving power. Also, it adopts the contention-based mechanism to join the list again while returning from the idle mode. On the other hand, the data station adopts the contention-based mechanism to transmit its packets over WLAN. In addition, to achieve service differentiation, the said invention also employs a prioritized access probability for voice over data services. Simulation results show that the said invention can reduce the power consumption for voice stations and enhance the throughput for data stations.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for controlling transmission power levels of respective mobile stations in a wireless cellular system, wherein the signal is transmitted from a transmitter at a controlled power level so that either the average received power level or the average signal to interference ratio (SIR) at receiver is close to a desired level so that the desired signal quality is achieved. According to a first embodiment, the desired level for the average received signal power is calculated based on the ensemble average intercell interference power level and the desired SIR levels. According to a second embodiment, the received average SIR level is estimated based on the average desired signal power and the ensemble average interference power. The average received power level (average SIR value) is compared to the desired level to generate a power control command. The power control command is fed back to the mobile station to instruct the adjustment of transmission power of the mobile station.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a network address forwarding table lookup apparatus and method for identifying a network address to determine a next hop address to which data packets having the network address should be forwarded. The apparatus comprises a memory storing a compression-trie forwarding table. The forwarding table has multiple level modules in a compression-trie structure. With the present invention, it is possible to achieve fast IP address lookup with a compact-sized compression-trie forwarding table.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing fast handoff in WLAN-like communications system construct a caching candidate set based upon a weighted handoff tendency coefficient. The weighted handoff tendency coefficient is based upon the handoff matrix and the weighting factor. The handoff matrix is an adaptive two-dimensional array that provides a list of nearby access points relative to a mobile station and the weighting factor is a value that prioritizes the nearby access points based upon a signal quality indication. A home access point, once it is triggered to initialize proactive caching, provides the caching candidate set with registration data of the mobile station before a transfer of a connection between the home access point and one of the access points on the caching candidate set.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for controlling transmission power levels of respective mobile stations in a wireless cellular system, wherein the signal is transmitted from a transmitter at a controlled power level so that either the average received power level or the average signal to interference ratio (SIR) at receiver is close to a desired level so that the desired signal quality is achieved. According to a first embodiment, the desired level for the average received signal power is calculated based on the ensemble average intercell interference power level and the desired SIR levels. According to a second embodiment, the received average SIR level is estimated based on the average desired signal power and the ensemble average interference power. The average received power level (average SIR value) is compared to the desired level to generate a power control command. The power control command is fed back to the mobile station to instruct the adjustment of transmission power of the mobile station.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method using Q-learning rule to accurately estimate the transmission cost for the multi-rate transmission control (MRTC) for RRC (radio resource control) in the WCDMA network. This method comprises the following iterative steps: first obtaining a system state and an action using an incoming request, a mean of interference and a variance of interference, then obtaining Q values based on the system state and the action. Afterwards, allocating an optimal action with the Q values, and when a new request with a new state arrives, going back to the first step and updating the Q values using the new state and a cost function based on the system state and the action.

Abstract: To improve the performance in terms of selectivity, responsiveness, and mean queueing delay for a connetion in ATM networks, a fuzzy leaky bucket method and apparatus is introduced that monitors and controls the sustainable cell rate of the connection utilizing a fuzzy increment controller (FIC) to dynamically adjust the value of the increment for the content of the leaky bucket incorporated for policing the connection. The adjustment of the increment by the fuzzy logic is accomplished through a set of linguistic rules based upon a domain knowledge. Two system parameters of the long-term mean cell rate and the short-term mean cell rate of the connection are fed into the fuzzy increment controller to adaptively calculate an appropriate increment value with an aim to achieve a better performance.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a network address forwarding table lookup apparatus and method for identifying a network address to determine a next hop address to which data packets having the network address should be forwarded. The apparatus comprises a memory storing a compression-trie forwarding table. The forwarding table has multiple level modules in a compression-trie structure. With the present invention, it is possible to achieve fast IP address lookup with a compact-sized compression-trie forwarding table.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for a closed-loop power control in a code-division multiple-access communication system wherein both received signal quality and communication channel quality are used to determine appropriate transmitter power, and transmission may be suspended when a channel quality metric, such as by short-term fading, degrades below a preset minimum threshold, or when a commanded transmitter power exceeds a preset maximum threshold, and wherein the transmitter power is controlled to mitigate fading effects so that received signal quality metric, such as by the average received signal power or by the average received SIR over a control cycle, approaches a preset desired level, and by momentarily suspending a remote terminal, overall system capacity and throughput may be enhanced.