Abstract: Method and structure to improve the gate coupling ratio (GCR) for manufacturing a flash memory device are provided. The method and structure include the following steps. A gate oxide layer, a first semiconductor layer, and an insulating layer are formed sequentially over a provided semiconductor substrate. An etching process is used to etch the insulating layer. A semiconductor spacer is then deposited and used as a self-aligned etching mask. After the self-aligned etching, the insulating layer is removed and an insulating stacked structure is deposited. Finally, a second semiconductor layer is deposited and etched to form the control gate region.

Abstract: Method and structure to improve the gate coupling ratio (GCR) for manufacturing a flash memory device are provided. The method and structure include the following steps. A gate oxide layer, a first semiconductor layer, and an insulating layer are formed sequentially over a provided semiconductor substrate. An etching process is used to etch the insulating layer. A semiconductor spacer is then deposited and used as a self-aligned etching mask. After the self-aligned etching, the insulating layer is removed and an insulating stacked structure is deposited. Finally, a second semiconductor layer is deposited and etched to form the control gate region.

Abstract: Method and structure to improve the gate coupling ratio (GCR) for manufacturing a flash memory device are provided. The method and structure include the following steps. A gate oxide layer, a first semiconductor layer, and an insulating layer are formed sequentially over a provided semiconductor substrate. An etching process is used to etch the insulating layer. A semiconductor spacer is then deposited and used as a self-aligned etching mask. After the self-aligned etching, the insulating layer is removed and an insulating stacked structure is deposited. Finally, a second semiconductor layer is deposited and etched to form the control gate region.

Abstract: A ballpoint pen has an ink reservoir tube which stores ink, a point assembly disposed in the front of the ink reservoir tube, and a ball bearing held at the front end of the point assembly. The ball bearing is a shape memory alloy, preferably a TiNi intermetallic compound or a TiNi based alloy. The ball bearing solves the problem of ink failing to flow when the ballpoint pen is dropped on the ground.