Abstract: Particles and manufacturing methods thereof are provided. The manufacturing method of the particle includes providing a precursor solution containing a precursor dissolved in a solution, and irradiating the precursor solution with a high energy and high flux radiation beam to convert the precursor to nano-particles. Particles with desired dispersion, shape, and size are manufactured without adding a stabilizer or surfactant to the precursor solution.

Abstract: A TEM specimen kit is disclosed, which comprises: (a) a top substrate and a bottom substrate, the top and the bottom substrates being transparent and substantially parallel to each other; (b) a first spacer and a second spacer, located beneath the top substrate and sitting on the bottom substrate, the second spacer being opposite to and spaced apart from the first spacer at a distance of d; and (c) a chamber formed between the top and bottom substrate and between the first and second spacer, the chamber having two ends open to the atmosphere and characterized by having a height defined by the thickness h of the spacer, wherein the height being smaller than the diameter of a red blood cell. Also enclosed are methods for preparing a dry specimen for TEM nanoparticle characterization, and methods for analyzing TEM images of nanoparticles in a liquid sample.

Abstract: A method for prevention and/or treatment of steatorrhea in a subject is disclosed.

Abstract: A TEM specimen kit is disclosed, which comprises: (a) a top substrate and a bottom substrate, the top and the bottom substrates being transparent and substantially parallel to each other; (b) a first spacer and a second spacer, located beneath the top substrate and sitting on the bottom substrate, the second spacer being opposite to and spaced apart from the first spacer at a distance of d; and (c) a chamber formed between the top and bottom substrate and between the first and second spacer, the chamber having two ends open to the atmosphere and characterized by having a height defined by the thickness h of the spacer, wherein the height being smaller than the diameter of a red blood cell. Also enclosed are methods for preparing a dry specimen for TEM nanoparticle characterization, and methods for analyzing TEM images of nanoparticles in a liquid sample.

Abstract: A specimen kit having a tiny chamber is disclosed for a specimen preparation for TEM. The space height of the chamber is far smaller than dimensions of blood cells and therefore is adapted to sort nanoparticles from the blood cells. The specimen prepared under this invention is suitable for TEM observation over a true distribution status of nanoparticles in blood. The extremely tiny space height in Z direction eliminates the possibility of aggregation of the nanoparticles and/or agglomeration in Z direction during drying; therefore, a specimen prepared under this invention is suitable for TEM observation over the dispersion and/or agglomeration of nanoparticles in a blood.

Abstract: A method for prevention and/or treatment of steatorrhea in a subject, is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing ligand-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is disclosed. The method comprises: a) providing an amine-modified silica particle; b) providing a solution comprising Au+3 ions; c) suspending the amine-modified silica particle in the solution comprising Au+3 ions; d) allowing the Au3+ ions to be adsorbed and/or immobilized onto the surface of the amine-modified silica particle; e) exposing the Au3+ ions immobilized onto the surface of the amine-modified silica particle to radiation to obtain bare gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) adsorbed and/or immobilized onto the surface of the amine-modified silica particle, wherein the bare AuNPs are without organic surface modifications; and f) reacting a ligand with the bare AuNPs adsorbed and/or immobilized onto the surface of the amine-modified SiNP and thereby obtain ligand-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).

Abstract: A specimen kit having a tiny chamber is disclosed for a specimen preparation for TEM. The space height of the chamber is far smaller than dimensions of blood cells and therefore is adapted to sort nanoparticles from the blood cells. The specimen prepared under this invention is suitable for TEM observation over a true distribution status of nanoparticles in blood. The extremely tiny space height in Z direction eliminates the possibility of aggregation of the nanoparticles and/or agglomeration in Z direction during drying; therefore, a specimen prepared under this invention is suitable for TEM observation over the dispersion and/or agglomeration of nanoparticles in a blood.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a random copolymer of polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol, comprising exposing ethanolamine in a solution to electromagnetic radiation for a sufficient time to polymerize the ethanolamine (OHCH2CH2NH2) and thereby resulting in formation of the randome copolymer comprising polyethyleneimine and poly(ethylene glycol), wherein the polyethyleneimine comprises ethyleneimine (—CH2CH2NH—) unit and the polyethylene glycol comprises ethylene glycol (—CH2CH2O—) unit, and the polyethylenimine of the random copolymer has a substantially linear backbone.

Abstract: A controlled release multidrug formulation for improving locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury comprising: (a) a first composition comprising a first bioactive agent, encapsulated within a first polymeric particle; (b) a second composition comprising a second bioactive agent, encapsulated within a second polymeric particle, wherein the second polymeric particle is encapsulated within the first polymeric particle; and (c) a third composition comprising a third bioactive agent, encapsulated within either the first or the second polymeric particle, wherein the second composition is released subsequently to the release of the first composition, and wherein the first bioactive agent is a neurotrophic factor, the second bioactive agent is a collagen synthesis inhibitor, and the third bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of cyclic AMP (cAMP), an adenylate cyclase activator and a Rho inhibitor.

Abstract: Methods of preparing a composition comprising non-ionic, radioactive gold nanoparticles (R-GNPs) are disclosed. The method comprises: a) providing an aqueous composition comprising gold (Au-197) ions in the absence of a template; and b) exposing the aqueous composition in the absence of the template to neutron irradiation to generate the composition comprising the non-ionic R-GNPs. Alternatively, the method comprises: a) providing an aqueous composition comprising gold (Au-197) nanoparticles (GNPs) in the absence of a template; and b) exposing the aqueous composition comprising the GNPs in the absence of the template to neutron irradiation and thereby generating the composition comprising the non-ionic R-GNPs. Compositions that comprises mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and non-ionic R-GNPs encapsulated within pores and/or channels and further anchored to the surfaces of the MSNs, and methods of making the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a random copolymer of polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol, comprising exposing ethanolamine in a solution to electromagnetic radiation for a sufficient time to polymerize the ethanolamine (OHCH2CH2NH2) and thereby resulting in formation of the randome copolymer comprising polyethyleneimine and poly(ethylene glycol), wherein the polyethyleneimine comprises ethyleneimine (—CH2CH2NH—) unit and the polyethylene glycol comprises ethylene glycol (—CH2CH2O—) unit, and the polyethylenimine of the random copolymer has a substantially linear backbone.

Abstract: A charged mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based drug delivery system for controlled release and enhanced bioavailability is disclosed. The system comprises a positively charged MSN, which has a silica matrix and an array of pores and/or nanochannels in the matrix. The entire substance of the matrix, all the surfaces and the pores and/or nanochannels comprise a plurality of silanol (Si—OH) and quaternary ammonium functional groups. The bioavailability of a negatively charged bioactive compound can be increased by loading it into the pores and/or nanochannels. The silanol (Si—OH) functional groups on the surfaces lining the walls of the pores and/or nanochannels are free to deprotonate in a fluid having pH above the pI of the positively charged MSN and lead to a sustained release of the negatively charged drug from the pores and/or nanochannels, and thereby enhance the bioavailability of the drug.

Abstract: A blood flow control system, tension adjustable instrument and a method are disclosed. The blood flow control system comprises a detecting unit, a computing and a tension adjustable instrument. The detecting unit real-time monitors the biomolecular response condition of a living organ, and the computing unit dynamically controls the tension adjustable instrument to adjust the tension of the blood vessel based on the detecting result. Therefore the blood flow control system can maintain the biomolecular response condition over a predetermined range to reduce the risk of the liver organ being damaged and augment the curability.

Abstract: A quantum dot (QD) conjugate comprises a QD and a ligand conjugated with the QD, in which the ligand has at least one thiol and at least one other functional group. The QD conjugate may further comprise a bioactive agent covalently coupled to the ligand to form a bioactive agent-tagged QD conjugate. A method for preparing a QD conjugate comprises the steps of: (1) providing a solution comprising a QD encapsulated within a dendrimer; (2) adding into the solution a ligand; and (3) allowing an exchange between the ligand and the dendrimer for the QD to obtain a ligand-QD conjugate, in which the ligand is covalently conjugated to the surface of the QD. The method may further comprise the step of coupling the ligand-QD conjugate to a bioactive agent to obtain a bioactive agent-tagged ligand-QD conjugate.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing ligand-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is disclosed. The method comprises: a) providing an amine-modified silica particle; b) providing a solution comprising Au+3 ions; c) suspending the amine-modified silica particle in the solution comprising Au+3 ions; d) allowing the Au3+ ions to be adsorbed and/or immobilized onto the surface of the amine-modified silica particle; e) exposing the Au3+ ions immobilized onto the surface of the amine-modified silica particle to radiation to obtain bare gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) adsorbed and/or immobilized onto the surface of the amine-modified silica particle, wherein the bare AuNPs are without organic surface modifications; and f) reacting a ligand with the bare AuNPs adsorbed and/or immobilized onto the surface of the amine-modified SiNP and thereby obtain ligand-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).

Abstract: A method of synthesizing polyethyleneimine with a substantially linear backbone is disclosed. The method comprises exposing ethylenediamine dissolved in a solution to electromagnetic radiation for a sufficient time to polymerize the ethylenediamine and thereby resulting in formation of polyethylenimine with a substantially linear backbone in the solution. A method of synthesizing a homopolymer with a substantially linear backbone is also disclosed. In addition, a composition comprising polyethylenimine synthesized from the aforementioned method is disclosed, in which the polyethylenimine comprises a backbone conformation that is substantially linear and has a distribution of molecular weights (MW) ranging from 1 kDa to 200 kDa; and the polyethyleneimine has no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 12 ?g/ml.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a fiber-optic localized plasmon resonance (FO-LPR) sensing device and a sensing system thereof, the FO-LPR sensing system includes a light source, a FO-LPR sensing device and a detector, and the light source provides a light beam entered into the FO-LPR sensing device, and the detector generates a detected signal according to an emergent light from the FO-LPR sensing device. The FO-LPR sensing device includes an optical fiber, a noble metal nanoparticle layer and a filter film layer. The filter film layer is having a porous material, and the porous material comes with a pore diameter or a property selected according to a feature of a sample, while an interfering substance in the sample is isolated.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for enhancing transdermal delivery of a bioactive agent. The method contains the step of applying to a skin tissue an effective amount of a composition comprising: (a) a drug vehicle; (b) a bioactive agent encapsulated within the drug vehicle; (c) a plurality of proteolytic enzyme molecules conjugated onto the surface of the drug vehicle; and (d) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for a period of time effective to deliver the bioactive agent across the skin tissue at a desired dosage.

Abstract: A controlled release multidrug formulation for improving locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury comprising: (a) a first composition comprising a first bioactive agent, encapsulated within a first polymeric particle; (b) a second composition comprising a second bioactive agent, encapsulated within a second polymeric particle, wherein the second polymeric particle is encapsulated within the first polymeric particle; and (c) a third composition comprising a third bioactive agent, encapsulated within either the first or the second polymeric particle, wherein the second composition is released subsequently to the release of the first composition, and wherein the first bioactive agent is a neurotrophic factor, the second bioactive agent is a collagen synthesis inhibitor, and the third bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of cyclic AMP (cAMP), an adenylate cyclase activator and a Rho inhibitor.