Abstract: An apparatus and method for visualization of process conditions in a process chamber or chambers, particularly during the fabrication of integrated circuits on substrates in the process chambers. The apparatus includes an inspection chamber which is installed adjacent to a process chamber. A camera provided in the inspection chamber is used to view the interior of the process chamber as the etching, chemical vapor deposition or other process is carried out in the process chamber. A video monitor is typically connected to the camera for viewing images from the camera. In the event that a defect-precipitating event occurs in the process chamber, such as a mechanical malfunction or accumulation of excessive levels of polymer deposition on the chamber walls, the event is displayed on the monitor in real-time.

Abstract: This invention directs to a method of assessing the concentration of an inhalational compound in the brain of a subject. The method includes administering a gas containing the compound into a subject to fill the pulmonary functional residual capacity, which is defined as the remaining lung volume at the end of an unforced respiration. The method also includes measuring an inspired compound concentration (Ci?) and an expired compound concentration (Ce?) after having filled the functional residual capacity with the gas. Therefore, a mixed venous compound concentration (Cb?) can be assessed based on the formula Cb?=[Ci?(M?1)+Ce?]/M, in which M is an alveolar membrane factor for the compound; and a brain compound concentration (Cb) can be assessed based on the formula Cb=(Ce?+Cb?)/2.

Abstract: This invention directs to a method of assessing the concentration of an inhalational compound in the brain of a subject. The method includes administering a gas containing the compound into a subject to fill the pulmonary functional residual capacity, which is defined as the remaining lung volume at the end of an unforced respiration. The method also includes measuring an inspired compound concentration (Ci?) and an expired compound concentration (Ce?) after having filled the functional residual capacity with the gas. Therefore, a mixed venous compound concentration (Cb?) can be assessed based on the formula Cb?=[Ci?(M?1)+Ce?]/M, in which M is an alveolar membrane factor for the compound; and a brain compound concentration (Cb) can be assessed based on the formula Cb=(Ce?+2Cb?)/3 or Cb=(Ce?+3Cb?)/4.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for visualization of process conditions in a process chamber or chambers, particularly during the fabrication of integrated circuits on substrates in the process chambers. The apparatus includes an inspection chamber which is installed adjacent to a process chamber. A camera provided in the inspection chamber is used to view the interior of the process chamber as the etching, chemical vapor deposition or other process is carried out in the process chamber. A video monitor is typically connected to the camera for viewing images from the camera. In the event that a defect-precipitating event occurs in the process chamber, such as a mechanical malfunction or accumulation of excessive levels of polymer deposition on the chamber walls, the event is displayed on the monitor in real-time.

Abstract: This invention directs to a method of assessing the concentration of an inhalational compound in the brain of a subject. The method includes administering a gas containing the compound into a subject to fill the pulmonary functional residual capacity, which is defined as the remaining lung volume at the end of an unforced respiration. The method also includes measuring an inspired compound concentration (Ci?) and an expired compound concentration (Ce?) after having filled the functional residual capacity with the gas. Therefore, a mixed venous compound concentration (Cb?) can be assessed based on the formula Cb?=[Ci?(M?1)+Ce?]/M, in which M is an alveolar membrane factor for the compound; and a brain compound concentration (Cb) can be assessed based on the formula Cb=(Ce?+2Cb?)/3 or Cb=(Ce?+3Cb?)/4.

Abstract: This invention directs to a method of assessing the concentration of an inhalational compound in the brain of a subject. The method includes administering a gas containing the compound into a subject to fill the pulmonary functional residual capacity, which is defined as the remaining lung volume at the end of an unforced respiration. The method also includes measuring an inspired compound concentration (Ci′) and an expired compound concentration (Ce′) after having filled the functional residual capacity with the gas. Therefore, a mixed venous compound concentration (Cb′) can be assessed based on the formula Cb′=[Ci′(M−1)+Ce′]/M, in which M is an alveolar membrane factor for the compound; and a brain compound concentration (Cb) can be assessed based on the formula Cb=(Ce′+Cb′)/2.

Abstract: This invention directs to a method of assessing the concentration of an inhalational compound in the brain of a subject. The method includes administering a gas containing the compound into a subject to fill the pulmonary functional residual capacity, which is defined as the remaining lung volume at the end of an unforced respiration. The method also includes measuring an inspired compound concentration (Cl′) and an expired compound concentration (Ce′) after having filled the functional residual capacity with the gas. Therefore, a mixed venous compound concentration (Cb′) can be assessed based on the formula Cb′=[Ci′(M−1)+Ce′]/M, in which M is an alveolar membrane factor for the compound; and a brain compound concentration (Cb) can be assessed based on the formula Cb=(Ce′+Cb′)/2.

Abstract: This invention directs to a method of assessing the concentration of an inhalational compound in the brain of a subject. The method includes administering a gas containing the compound into a subject to fill the pulmonary functional residual capacity, which is defined as the remaining lung volume at the end of an unforced respiration. The method also includes measuring an inspired compound concentration (Cl′) and an expired compound concentration (Ce′) after having filled the functional residual capacity with the gas. Therefore, a mixed venous compound concentration (Cb′) can be assessed based on the formula Cb′=[Ci′(M−1)+Ce′]/M, in which M is an alveolar membrane factor for the compound; and a brain compound concentration (Cb) can be assessed based on the formula Cb=(Ce′+Cb′)/2.

Abstract: An anesthetic applicator with a temperature/moisture regulating capability is provided. The anesthetic applicator includes: means for supplying anesthetic; an inner duct, connected to the anesthetic supplying means, for conducting the anesthetic to the patient; means for recycling the exhaled breath from the patent so that the recycled anesthetic can be resupplied via the inner duct to the patient; an outer duct sleeving the inner duct in such a manner that a passage is formed between the outer duct and the inner duct; and means for supplying a stream of heated fluid such as heated air or water to flow through the passage between the outer duct and the inner duct.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds containing dual substitutions of an aromatic amine and hindered phenol functionality useful as stabilizers for organic materials. These compounds are of the general formula: ##STR1## R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms;R.sub.3 is alkylene of 1 to 10 carbon atoms;m is 0 or 1;n is an integer of 1 to 10;q is an integer of 0 to 8;z is 1 or 2, provided that, when q is 0, z must be 1;X represents the links of a chain q links in length, said links being selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon, and mixtures thereof; andY is an aromatic group or .PHI., provided that Y can be .PHI.only when q is 0 and m is 1.

Abstract: Processes of preparing para substituted phenylamines, such as, p-phenylenediamines, and particularly, p-aminodiphenylamine. One process involves contacting phenylhydroxylamine with a nucleophilic reagent, such as aniline, in specified proportions and within a specified temperature range, in the absence of oxygen, and in the presence of a homogeneous acid catalyst, such as hydrochloric acid. A second process involves contacting phenylhydroxylamine with a nucleophilic reagent, such as aniline, in the presence of a solid acid catalyst, such as acidic zeolite Y, under reaction conditions.

Abstract: Processes of preparing para substituted phenylamines, such as, p-phenylenediamines, and particularly, p-aminodiphenylamine. One process involves contacting phenylhydroxylamine with a nucleophilic reagent, such as aniline, in specified proportions and within a specified temperature range, in the absence of oxygen, and in the presence of a homogeneous acid catalyst, such as hydrochloric acid. A second process involves contacting phenylhydroxylamine with a nucleophilic reagent, such as aniline, in the presence of a solid acid catalyst, such as acidic zeolite Y, under reaction conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed are mixed halocarbon blowing agents comprising (1) halocarbons boiling below about 10.degree. C., (2) halocarbons boiling between 20.degree. C. and 35.degree. C., and (3) inert organic liquids having a boiling point from about 35.degree. C. to about 125.degree. C.Also disclosed are blends of the above mixed blowing agents with active hydrogen containing compounds, particularly polyols and the rigid closed cell foams prepared from such blends.Up to 60 percent reduction in hard halocarbons is realized with the mixed blowing agents.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for removing certain contaminant phospholene and phospholane oxides or sulfides from organic fluid or fluid mixtures wherein the fluid or fluid mixture is contacted with a cation exchange resin insoluble in the mixture at a temperature of from about 20.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Bis(cyclic ureas) are disclosed which have the formula ##STR1## wherein R is ##STR2## and C.sub.n H.sub.2n is ethylene or 1,3-propylene each of which can be substituted by one or more inert substituents.These compounds are useful as masked diisocyanates which, on heating in the presence of a polyol and, optionally, a polyurethane catalyst, give rise to polyurethane resins. Accordingly, they are useful as a component of storage stable compositions which are convertible to polyurethanes upon heating. Such compositions are particularly useful as solvent-less coating compositions. The properties of the above compounds are distinguished in a number of respects from the known bis(cyclic ureas) in which C.sub.n H.sub.2n has 4 or more carbon atoms in the chain between the valencies. Illustratively, the above compounds are more stable on exposure to heat in the absence of catalysts but, in the presence of polyurethane catalysts, react with polyols at a significantly faster rate than the prior art compounds.

Abstract: Compounds are described which are characterized by the formula ##STR1## C.sub.n H.sub.2n =alkylene with 2 to 6 C atoms in the chain. R=inert substituent and m=0-3.The compounds contain an anhydride group and a hetero ring capable of opening to yield an isocyanate group on heating. Accordingly, they can undergo self-condensation on heating to yield polyamide-imides. The compounds can also be polymerized by heating in the presence of difunctional monomers such as diols, diamines, alkanolamines and the like.

Abstract: Bis(cyclic ureas) are disclosed which have the formula ##STR1## wherein R is ##STR2## and C.sub.n H.sub.2n is ethylene or 1,3-propylene each of which can be substituted by one or more inert substituents.These compounds are useful as masked diisocyanates which, on heating in the presence of a polyol and, optionally, a polyurethane catalyst, give rise to polyurethane resins. Accordingly, they are useful as a component of storage stable compositions which are convertible to polyurethanes upon heating. Such compositions are particularly useful as solvent-less coating compositions. The properties of the above compounds are distinguished in a number of respects from the known bis(cyclic ureas) in which C.sub.n H.sub.2n has 4 or more carbon atoms in the chain between the valencies. Illustratively, the above compounds are more stable on exposure to heat in the absence of catalysts but, in the presence of polyurethane catalysts, react with polyols at a significantly faster rate than the prior art compounds.

Abstract: Cyclohexylbenzene and dicyclohexylbenzenes are converted to the corresponding hydroperoxides in the presence of t-butyl, cumene, or p-diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxides and a free radical initiator. The use of the combination of hydroperoxide and free radical initiator enables the reaction to be carried out at lower temperatures (80.degree.-105.degree. C.) than can be employed with hydroperoxides or free radical initiators alone and gives high (90%) selectivity and good conversion (20% or higher).

Abstract: An improved process for the nitration of aromatic hydrocarbons is described. The aromatic hydrocarbon (benzene, toluene of particular interest) is reacted with gaseous nitrogen dioxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid and in the absence of oxygen. The process is highly selective and avoids the formation of undesired by-products. The acid employed as catalyst can be recovered and recycled after removal of water of condensation liberated in the reaction.