Abstract: Composite membranes including a coating of polyalkylene oxide and oxy-substituted phenyl compounds along with various methods for making and using the same. In one embodiment, the composite membrane comprises a thin film polyamide layer including a coating of a reaction product of a polyalkylene oxide compound and an oxy-substituted phenyl compound. In another embodiment, the coating comprises a polymer including alkylene oxide repeating units and one or more oxy-substituted phenyl functional groups.

Abstract: Composite membranes including a coating of polyalkylene oxide and triazine compounds along with various methods for making and using the same. In one embodiment, the composite membrane comprises a thin film polyamide layer including a coating of a reaction product of a polyalkylene oxide compound and a triazine compound.

Abstract: Composite membranes including a coating of polyalkylene oxide and acetophenone compounds along with various methods for making and using the same. In one embodiment, the composite membrane comprises a thin film polyamide layer including a coating of a reaction product of a polyalkylene oxide compound and an acetophenone compound. In another embodiment, the coating comprises a polymer including alkylene oxide repeating units and one or more acetophenone functional groups.

Abstract: A modified polyamide membrane and method for making and using the same. The present invention includes many embodiments including methods comprising contacting a polyamide membrane with certain modifiers, including but not limited to certain oxazoline and/or thiazoline-based compounds, derivatives and polymers thereof. In one embodiment, the surface of a polyamide membrane is coated with a solution including a polyoxazoline and optionally a polyalkylene oxide material, followed by optional heating. Preferred embodiments may exhibit improved performance, e.g. increased rejection of certain species, (e.g. sodium chloride and/or boric oxides such as boric acid or various borate salts), reduced fouling, improved antimicrobial properties, and/or improved storage stability.

Abstract: A modified polyamide membrane and method for making and using the same. The present invention includes many embodiments including methods comprising contacting a polyamide membrane with certain modifiers, including but not limited to certain oxazoline and/or thiazoline-based compounds, derivatives and polymers thereof. In one embodiment, the surface of a polyamide membrane is coated with a solution including a polyoxazoline and optionally a polyalkylene oxide material, followed by optional heating. Preferred embodiments may exhibit improved performance, e.g. increased rejection of certain species, (e.g. sodium chloride and/or boric oxides such as boric acid or various borate salts), reduced fouling, improved antimicrobial properties, and/or improved storage stability.

Abstract: A modified polyamide membrane and method for making and using the same. The present invention includes many embodiments including methods comprising contacting a polyamide membrane with certain modifiers, including but not limited to certain oxazoline and/or thiazoline-based compounds, derivatives and polymers thereof. In one embodiment, the surface of a polyamide membrane is coated with a solution including a polyoxazoline and optionally a polyalkylene oxide material, followed by optional heating. Preferred embodiments may exhibit improved performance, e.g. increased rejection of certain species, (e.g. sodium chloride and/or boric oxides such as boric acid or various borate salts), reduced fouling, improved antimicrobial properties, and/or improved storage stability.

Abstract: A polyamide membrane and method for making and using the same, including use within a spiral wound module. While many different embodiments are described, one embodiment includes a polyamide membrane including a coating comprising a combination of a polyalkylene oxide compound and a polyacrylamide compound.

Abstract: Heat transfer tubes for evaporators in air conditioning and refrigeration systems, each tube including: a tube body (1); outer fins (2) extending on an outer wall surface of the tube body (1) and having outer fin walls opposite to the outer fin walls of the adjacent outer fins; channels (6) located between the adjacent fins (2) so as to constitute channel chambers; fin top platforms (3) on respective tops of the outer fins (2), the fin top platforms (3) including fin top edges (3a) extending from both sides of the fin top platforms (3) so that the channel chambers form a cavity structure as a whole; channel chamber openings constituted by gaps between the adjacent fin top edges (3a) of the fin top platforms (3) of the outer fins; and lateral fins (4) arranged on portions or substantially middle portions of the outer fin walls of the outer fins (2) in a height direction of the outer fins (2) and at intervals in an spreading direction of the outer fins (2), so that the cavity structure is formed into a double c

Abstract: A polyamide membrane and method for making and using the same, including use within a spiral wound module. While many different embodiments are described, one embodiment includes a polyamide membrane including a coating comprising a combination of a polyalkylene oxide compound and a polyacrylamide compound.

Abstract: A heat transfer tube can comprise a tube body, and outer fins integrated with the tube body which are formed by allowing material on the tube body to extend along radial direction of the tube body and wind and extend around the tube outer surface in helical manner, wherein microscale channels are formed on at least one lateral surface of the outer fin.

Abstract: A modified polyamide membrane and method for making and using the same. The present invention includes many embodiments including methods comprising contacting a polyamide membrane with certain modifiers, including but not limited to certain oxazoline and/or thiazoline-based compounds, derivatives and polymers thereof. In one embodiment, the surface of a polyamide membrane is coated with a solution including a polyoxazoline and optionally a polyalkylene oxide material, followed by optional heating. Preferred embodiments may exhibit improved performance, e.g. increased rejection of certain species, (e.g. sodium chloride and/or boric oxides such as boric acid or various borate salts), reduced fouling, improved antimicrobial properties, and/or improved storage stability.

Abstract: A modified polyamide membrane and method for making and using the same. The present invention includes many embodiments including methods comprising contacting a polyamide membrane with certain modifiers, including but not limited to certain oxazoline and/or thiazoline-based compounds, derivatives and polymers thereof. In one embodiment, the surface of a polyamide membrane is coated with a solution including a polyoxazoline and optionally a polyalkylene oxide material, followed by optional heating. Preferred embodiments may exhibit improved performance, e.g. increased rejection of certain species, (e.g. sodium chloride and/or boric oxides such as boric acid or various borate salts), reduced fouling, improved antimicrobial properties, and/or improved storage stability.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing a 4,7-bis(5-halothien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, more particularly, 4,7-bis(5-bromothien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, and a precursor therefor, namely, a 4,7-bis(thien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole. The precursor is prepared by contacting in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a solvent a 4,7-dihalo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole with a thienyl group adding reagent, which can either be a 2-thienylzinc halide, a 2-thienylmagnesium halide, or a 2-thiopheneboronic acid, under such conditions as to form 4,7-bis(thien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole. The precursor can then be halogenated, preferably brominated, to form the desired dibrominated product, which is a particularly suitable monomer for the preparation of a copolymer of a 9,9-disubstituted fluorene. This copolymer is useful, for example, in polymeric light emitting diode (pLED) applications.

Abstract: The present invention discloses heat transfer tubes for evaporators in air conditioning and refrigeration systems, comprising: a tube body (1); outer fins (2) extending on an outer wall surface of the tube body (1) and having outer fin walls opposite to the outer fin walls of the adjacent outer fins; channels (6) located between the adjacent fins (2) so as to constitute channel chambers; fin top platforms (3) on respective tops of the outer fins (2), the fin top platforms (3) including fin top edges (3a) extending from both sides of the fin top platforms (3) so that the channel chambers take a form of a cavity structure as a whole; channel chamber openings constituted by gaps between the adjacent fin top edges (3a) of the fin top platforms (3) of the outer fins; and lateral fins (4) arranged on portions or substantially middle portions of the outer fin walls of the outer fins (2) in a height direction of the outer fins (2) and at intervals in an spreading direction of the outer fins (2), so that the cavity st

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing a 4,7-bis(5-halothien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, more particularly, 4,7-bis(5-bromothien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, and a precursor therefor, namely, a 4,7-bis(thien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole. The precursor is prepared by contacting in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a solvent a 4,7-dihalo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole with a thienyl group adding reagent, which can either be a 2-thienylzinc halide, a 2-thienylmagnesium halide, or a 2-thiopheneboronic acid, under such conditions as to form 4,7-bis(thien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole. The precursor can then be halogenated, preferably brominated, to form the desired dibrominated product, which is a particularly suitable monomer for the preparation of a copolymer of a 9,9-disubstituted fluorene. This copolymer is useful, for example, in polymeric light emitting diode (pLED) applications.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for conducting Suzuki coupling reactions. The processes of the present invention make use of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ancillary ligands in Suzuki couplings of aryl halides and aryl pseudohalides. A Suzuki coupling can be carried out by mixing, in a liquid medium, at least one strong base; at least one aryl halide or aryl pseudohalide in which all substituents are other than boronic acid groups, wherein the aryl halide has, directly bonded to the aromatic ring(s), at least one halogen atom selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom; at least one arylboronic acid in which all substituents are other than chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, iodine atoms, or pseudohalide groups; at least one metal compound comprising at least one metal atom selected from nickel, palladium, and platinum, wherein the formal oxidation state of the metal is zero or two; and at least one N-heterocyclic carbene.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for conducting amination reactions. The processes of the present invention make use of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ancillary ligands in aminations of aryl halides and aryl pseudohalides. An amination can be carried out by mixing, in a liquid medium, at least one strong base; at least one aryl halide or aryl pseudohalide in which all substituents are other than amino groups, wherein the aryl halide has, directly bonded to the aromatic ring(s), at least one halogen atom selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom; at least one primary amine and/or at least one secondary amine; at least one metal compound comprising at least one metal atom selected from nickel, palladium, and platinum, wherein the formal oxidation state of the metal is zero or two; and at least one N-heterocyclic carbene.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for conducting Kumada coupling reactions. The processes of the present invention make use of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ancillary ligands in Kumada couplings of aryl halides. A Kumada coupling can be carried out by mixing, in a liquid medium, at least one aryl halide, wherein the aryl halide has, directly bonded to the aromatic ring(s), at least one halogen atom selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom; at least one Grignard reagent; at least one metal compound comprising at least one metal atom selected from nickel, palladium, and platinum, wherein the formal oxidation state of the metal is zero or two; and at least one N-heterocyclic carbene.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for conducting Stille coupling reactions. The processes of the present invention make use of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ancillary ligands in Stille couplings of aryl halides.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalyst system useful in many coupling reactions, such as Suzuki, Kumada, Heck, and amination reactions. The catalyst system of the present invention makes use of N-heterocyclic carbenes or their protonated salts. The composition of the catalyst system comprises at least one transition metal compound and at least one N-heterocyclic carbene or its protonated salt. This invention further provides novel N-heterocyclic carbenes and their protonated salts. One type of N-heterocyclic carbene used in this invention is an imidazolinc-2-ylidene wherein the 1 and 3 positions are each, independently, substituted by an aromatic group in which each ortho position is, independently, substituted by a secondary or tertiary group which has at least three atoms.