Abstract: This application provides a communication method and an optical module. The method includes: A first optical module determines a first delay. The first optical module sends the first delay to an interface chip. According to the communication method and the optical module that are provided in this application, a delay in the optical module can be reported to the interface chip, so as to improve precision of time synchronization between a master clock and a slave clock, thereby further improving clock precision of a network device.

Abstract: This application provides an isolation and recovery method and related network device for a case when one or more physical layer apparatuses (PHYs) in a flexible Ethernet group (FlexE group) are faulty. In the method, if a network device determines that a first overhead block corresponding to each current available PHY is stored in a corresponding memory, the network device determines that a FlexE group meets a PHY alignment condition, and starts to simultaneously read cached data from all memories. Therefore, there is no need to insert local fault LF code blocks to all clients, and there is no need to recreate a group. This effectively reduces the impact of a faulty PHY on client services carried by a normal PHY.

Abstract: An optical cage assembly includes a box-like housing, a radiator, and a cover-like fastener. The box-like housing has a slot. A first housing wall of the box-like housing has an opening at a position close to a slot opening of the slot. The radiator is located at the opening and can be bonded to an electrical connector plugged into the slot. The cover-like fastener is fastened to housing walls of the box-like housing, and the cover-like fastener has a memory alloy member, where the memory alloy member is located on a surface that is of the radiator and that is away from the opening. In this disclosure, easy plugging and unplugging of an optical module in the slot can be implemented, heat transfer between the radiator and the optical module can be accelerated, and an effect of heat dissipation for the optical module can be enhanced.

Abstract: A device determines a first latency value of a first data flow from a first physical port of the device to a second physical port of the device and a second latency value of a second data flow from the second physical port to the first physical port, where the first latency value is less than the second latency value. The device determines a first target latency value based on the first latency value and the second latency value. The device adjusts a latency value of the first data flow to the first target latency value.

Abstract: A multicast packet transmission method, apparatus, and system, where the method is applied to a multicast ring network and the method includes receiving, by a first network node in the multicast ring network through a first path in a clockwise direction of the multicast ring network, a first multicast packet from a second network node in the multicast ring network, receiving, by the first network node through a second path in an anticlockwise direction of the multicast ring network, a second multicast packet from the second network node, where a payload of the first multicast packet is the same as a payload of the second multicast packet, and forwarding, by the first network node, the first multicast packet or the second multicast packet to at least one multicast destination device connected to the first network node.

Abstract: A packet processing method includes: obtaining, at a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, a first fragmented data frame included in a first data frame; buffering the first fragmented data frame into a first queue; obtaining, at the MAC layer, a second fragmented data frame included in a second data frame; buffering the second fragmented data frame into a second queue; sending the first fragmented data frame to a forwarding processing module; obtaining first forwarding information using the forwarding processing module; sending the second fragmented data frame to the forwarding processing module after sending the first fragmented data frame to the forwarding processing module; and obtaining second forwarding information.

Abstract: In an embodiment, the application provides a flexible Ethernet (FlexE) communication method, which includes: receiving, by a first network device by using a FlexE group, n first overhead blocks sent by a second network device, the FlexE group comprising n physical layer apparatuses (PHYs); and storing, by the first network device, the n first overhead blocks in n memories in the first time period. The method further includes simultaneously reading, by the first network device, the n first overhead blocks from the n memories, after a preset duration T starting from a moment at which a first overhead block is stored in a corresponding memory. The first overhead block is a last stored first overhead block in the n first overhead blocks, the duration T is greater than or equal to one clock cycle.

Abstract: This application provides an isolation and recovery method and related network device for a case when one or more physical layer apparatuses (PHYs) in a flexible Ethernet group (FlexE group) are faulty. In the method, if a network device determines that a first overhead block corresponding to each current available PHY is stored in a corresponding memory, the network device determines that a FlexE group meets a PHY alignment condition, and starts to simultaneously read cached data from all memories. Therefore, there is no need to insert local fault LF code blocks to all clients, and there is no need to recreate a group. This effectively reduces the impact of a faulty PHY on client services carried by a normal PHY.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and an optical module. The method includes: A first optical module determines a first delay. The first optical module sends the first delay to an interface chip. According to the communication method and the optical module that are provided in this application, a delay in the optical module can be reported to the interface chip, so as to improve precision of time synchronization between a master clock and a slave clock, thereby further improving clock precision of a network device.

Abstract: A device determines a first latency value of a first data flow from a first physical port of the device to a second physical port of the device and a second latency value of a second data flow from the second physical port to the first physical port, where the first latency value is less than the second latency value. The device determines a first target latency value based on the first latency value and the second latency value. The device adjusts a latency value of the first data flow to the first target latency value.

Abstract: Provided are a 3-epimerase, an encoding polynucleotide therefor, a nucleic acid construct, vector, and host cell comprising the polynucleotide, a method for producing the 3-epimerase, and use of the 3-epimerase.

Abstract: A multicast packet transmission method, apparatus, and system, where the method is applied to a multicast ring network and the method includes receiving, by a first network node in the multicast ring network through a first path in a clockwise direction of the multicast ring network, a first multicast packet from a second network node in the multicast ring network, receiving, by the first network node through a second path in an anticlockwise direction of the multicast ring network, a second multicast packet from the second network node, where a payload of the first multicast packet is the same as a payload of the second multicast packet, and forwarding, by the first network node, the first multicast packet or the second multicast packet to at least one multicast destination device connected to the first network node.

Abstract: An optical module includes a first multiplexer/demultiplexer and an optical receiver. The first multiplexer/demultiplexer is configured to receive a first optical signal from the second network device, separate a second optical signal having a first wavelength from the first optical signal, and transfer the second optical signal to the optical receiver. The first multiplexer/demultiplexer is further configured to transfer a third optical signal that is separated from the first optical signal and that has a wavelength other than the first wavelength to the third network device. The optical receiver is configured to receive the second optical signal.

Abstract: A packet processing method includes: obtaining, at a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, a first fragmented data frame included in a first data frame; buffering the first fragmented data frame into a first queue; obtaining, at the MAC layer, a second fragmented data frame included in a second data frame; buffering the second fragmented data frame into a second queue; sending the first fragmented data frame to a forwarding processing module; obtaining first forwarding information using the forwarding processing module; sending the second fragmented data frame to the forwarding processing module after sending the first fragmented data frame to the forwarding processing module; and obtaining second forwarding information.

Abstract: A communications network delay variation smoothing method, an apparatus, and a system are disclosed. The method includes: clearing, by a local device, a forward delay threshold and a reverse delay threshold when an initialization time starts; and when determining that a maximum value between a real-time forward delay value corresponding to a current service flow fragment and a reverse delay threshold corresponding to the current service flow fragment is greater than a current value of the forward delay threshold, replacing the current value of the forward delay threshold with the maximum value. In this way, after the initialization ends, a delay threshold after the initialization ends is determined and is applied to delay compensation, thereby significantly reducing a bi-directional asymmetric delay variation, and avoiding a problem of abnormal user communication that is caused when the variation exceeds a limit.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for processing data of multiple rates, where the method includes receiving, by a data processing apparatus, first data whose transmission rate is a first rate and second data whose transmission rate is a second rate, obtaining, by the data processing apparatus, N1 pieces of third data and N2 pieces of fourth data according to the first data, obtaining, by the data processing apparatus, M1 pieces of fifth data and M2 pieces of sixth data according to the second data, obtaining, by the data processing apparatus, serial seventh data according to the N1 pieces of third data, the N2 pieces of fourth data, and a first modulation scheme, and obtaining, by the data processing apparatus, serial eighth data according to the M1 pieces of fifth data, the M2 pieces of sixth data, and a second modulation scheme.

Abstract: Provided are a 3-epimerase, an encoding polynucleotide therefor, a nucleic acid construct, vector, and host cell comprising the polynucleotide, a method for producing the 3-epimerase, and use of the 3-epimerase.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for processing data of multiple rates, where the method includes receiving, by a data processing apparatus, first data whose transmission rate is a first rate and second data whose transmission rate is a second rate, obtaining, by the data processing apparatus, N1 pieces of third data and N2 pieces of fourth data according to the first data, obtaining, by the data processing apparatus, M1 pieces of fifth data and M2 pieces of sixth data according to the second data, obtaining, by the data processing apparatus, serial seventh data according to the N1 pieces of third data, the N2 pieces of fourth data, and a first modulation scheme, and obtaining, by the data processing apparatus, serial eighth data according to the MI pieces of fifth data, the M2 pieces of sixth data, and a second modulation scheme.

Abstract: A communications network delay variation smoothing method, an apparatus, and a system are disclosed. The method includes: clearing, by a local device, a forward delay threshold and a reverse delay threshold when an initialization time starts; and when determining that a maximum value between a real-time forward delay value corresponding to a current service flow fragment and a reverse delay threshold corresponding to the current service flow fragment is greater than a current value of the forward delay threshold, replacing the current value of the forward delay threshold with the maximum value. In this way, after the initialization ends, a delay threshold after the initialization ends is determined and is applied to delay compensation, thereby significantly reducing a bi-directional asymmetric delay variation, and avoiding a problem of abnormal user communication that is caused when the variation exceeds a limit.

Abstract: A condensing system and method with a plurality of LEDs is disclosed. The LEDs are positioned on the same plane. A first condensing lens is disposed at front of each LED, a second condensing lens is disposed at front of each first condensing lens, a third condensing lens is disposed at front of each second condensing lens, and a fourth condensing lens is disposed at front of all the third condensing lenses. After the light emitted by each LED is condensed by the corresponding first condensing lens, second condensing lens and third condensing lens, the divergence angle of the light becomes smaller, forming a bunch of nearly parallel light beams. The bunches of nearly parallel light beams simultaneously transmit through the fourth condensing lens, and then combine. The condensing system can be used as the light source with imaging lenses disposed therebehind to form an imaging system.