Abstract: Novel composites for use in battery anode electrodes are described. The novel composites include silicon-based nanostructures attached to a carbon-based substrate having a polymer disposed thereon, the polymer including monomeric units formed from styrene and allyl alcohol. The composites allow for the preparation of anode electrodes having low ratios of inactive materials to active materials, with improved processability according to both wet and dry anode coating techniques. Anode electrodes including the composites have improved uniformity and are more apt at accommodating volume changes during cycling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanostructured materials for use in rechargeable energy storage devices such as lithium batteries, particularly rechargeable secondary lithium batteries, or lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The present invention includes materials, components, and devices, including nanostructured materials for use as battery active materials, and lithium ion battery (LIB) electrodes comprising such nanostructured materials, as well as manufacturing methods related thereto. Exemplary nanostructured materials include silicon-based nanostructures such as silicon nanowires and coated silicon nanowires, nanostructures disposed on substrates comprising active materials or current collectors such as silicon nanowires disposed on graphite particles or copper electrode plates, and LIB anode composites comprising high-capacity active material nanostructures formed on a porous copper and/or graphite powder substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanostructured materials for use in rechargeable energy storage devices such as lithium batteries, particularly rechargeable secondary lithium batteries, or lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The present invention includes materials, components, and devices, including nanostructured materials for use as battery active materials, and lithium ion battery (LIB) electrodes comprising such nanostructured materials, as well as manufacturing methods related thereto. Exemplary nanostructured materials include silicon-based nanostructures such as silicon nanowires and coated silicon nanowires, nanostructures disposed on substrates comprising active materials or current collectors such as silicon nanowires disposed on graphite particles or copper electrode plates, and LIB anode composites comprising high-capacity active material nanostructures formed on a porous copper and/or graphite powder substrate.

Abstract: A battery comprises an anode, a cathode, a first reference electrode, and a second reference electrode. The battery also include an electrolyte between each of the anode, cathode, first reference electrode, and second reference electrode.

Abstract: A battery comprises an anode, a cathode, a first reference electrode, and a second reference electrode. The battery also include an electrolyte between each of the anode, cathode, first reference electrode, and second reference electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanostructured materials for use in rechargeable energy storage devices such as lithium batteries, particularly rechargeable secondary lithium batteries, or lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The present invention includes materials, components, and devices, including nanostructured materials for use as battery active materials, and lithium ion battery (LIB) electrodes comprising such nanostructured materials, as well as manufacturing methods related thereto. Exemplary nanostructured materials include silicon-based nanostructures such as silicon nanowires and coated silicon nanowires, nanostructures disposed on substrates comprising active materials or current collectors such as silicon nanowires disposed on graphite particles or copper electrode plates, and LIB anode composites comprising high-capacity active material nanostructures formed on a porous copper and/or graphite powder substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanostructured materials for use in rechargeable energy storage devices such as lithium batteries, particularly rechargeable secondary lithium batteries, or lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The present invention includes materials, components, and devices, including nanostructured materials for use as battery active materials, and lithium ion battery (LIB) electrodes comprising such nanostructured materials, as well as manufacturing methods related thereto. Exemplary nanostructured materials include silicon-based nanostructures such as silicon nanowires and coated icon nanowires, nanostructures disposed on substrates comprising active materials or current collectors such as silicon nanowires disposed on graphite particles or copper electrode plates, and LIB anode composites comprising high-capacity active material nanostructures formed on a porous copper and/or graphite powder substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanostructured materials for use in rechargeable energy storage devices such as lithium batteries, particularly rechargeable secondary lithium batteries, or lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The present invention includes materials, components, and devices, including nanostructured materials for use as battery active materials, and lithium ion battery (LIB) electrodes comprising such nanostructured materials, as well as manufacturing methods related thereto. Exemplary nanostructured materials include silicon-based nanostructures such as silicon nanowires and coated silicon nanowires, nanostructures disposed on substrates comprising active materials or current collectors such as silicon nanowires disposed on graphite particles or copper electrode plates, and LIB anode composites comprising high-capacity active material nanostructures formed on a porous copper and/or graphite powder substrate.

Abstract: A battery comprises an anode, a cathode, a first reference electrode, and a second reference electrode. The battery also include an electrolyte between each of the anode, cathode, first reference electrode, and second reference electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanostructured materials for use in rechargeable energy storage devices such as lithium batteries, particularly rechargeable secondary lithium batteries, or lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The present invention includes materials, components, and devices, including nanostructured materials for use as battery active materials, and lithium ion battery (LIB) electrodes comprising such nanostructured materials, as well as manufacturing methods related thereto. Exemplary nanostructured materials include silicon-based nanostructures such as silicon nanowires and coated silicon nanowires, nanostructures disposed on substrates comprising active materials or current collectors such as silicon nanowires disposed on graphite particles or copper electrode plates, and LIB anode composites comprising high-capacity active material nanostructures formed on a porous copper and/or graphite powder substrate.

Abstract: Methods and devices arising from the practice thereof for making and using battery electrodes formed onto ion permeable, electrically non-conductive substrates, preferably battery separators are disclosed herein. Electrodes are formed onto substrates using a variety of methods including, but not limited to, spray coating and electrophoretic deposition. Electrically conductive layers may be applied to the electrode coating layer side opposite or adjacent to the substrate to act as current collectors for the battery. Multilayer devices having alternating layers of conductive layers, electrode layers and substrates, wherein the conductive layers may be in electrical communication with other conductive layers to form a battery.

Abstract: Carbon nanotube material having an outer diameter less than 10 nm and a number of walls less than ten are disclosed. Also disclosed are an electron field emission device including a substrate, an optionally layer of adhesion-promoting layer, and a layer of electron field emission material. The electron field emission material includes a carbon nanotube having a number of concentric graphene shells per tube of from two to ten, an outer diameter from 2 to 8 nm, and a nanotube length greater than 0.1 microns. One method to fabricate carbon nanotubes includes the steps of (a) producing a catalyst containing Fe and Mo supported on MgO powder, (b) using a mixture of hydrogen and carbon containing gas as precursors, and (c) heating the catalyst to a temperature above 950° C. to produce a carbon nanotube.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a process for fabricating an electrode for a capacitor using carbon nanotubes (CNTs), wherein the electrode comprises a metal substrate and a layer of active material (CNTs) coated onto the metal substrate. Specifically, the process starts by dispersing CNTs in a solvent to form a suspension. Next, the CNTs are charged in the suspension. The metal substrate is then immersed in the suspension. Next, the CNTs are deposited onto the metal substrate using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to form the layer of active material on the metal substrate. In particular, the layer of active material is formed on the metal substrate without using a binder, which effectively reduces contact resistance between the active material and the metal substrate.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a process for fabricating an electrode for a capacitor using carbon nanotubes (CNTs), wherein the electrode comprises a metal substrate and a layer of active material (CNTs) coated onto the metal substrate. Specifically, the process starts by dispersing CNTs in a solvent to form a suspension. Next, the CNTs are charged in the suspension. The metal substrate is then immersed in the suspension. Next, the CNTs are deposited onto the metal substrate using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to form the layer of active material on the metal substrate. In particular, the layer of active material is formed on the metal substrate without using a binder, which effectively reduces contact resistance between the active material and the metal substrate.

Abstract: Carbon nanotube material having an outer diameter less than 10 nm and a number of walls less than ten are disclosed. Also disclosed are an electron field emission device including a substrate, an optionally layer of adhesion-promoting layer, and a layer of electron field emission material. The electron field emission material includes a carbon nanotube having a number of concentric graphene shells per tube of from two to ten, an outer diameter from 2 to 8 nm, and a nanotube length greater than 0.1 microns. One method to fabricate carbon nanotubes includes the steps of (a) producing a catalyst containing Fe and Mo supported on MgO powder, (b) using a mixture of hydrogen and carbon containing gas as precursors, and (c) heating the catalyst to a temperature above 950° C. to produce a carbon nanotube.