Abstract: Flexible battery management system (BMS)-gateways and modular energy management systems for second-life electric vehicle (EV) batteries in energy storage systems are disclosed. In one aspect, the system includes a plurality of EV battery packs, and a plurality of BMS-gateways each coupled to at least one of the EV battery packs. Each of the BMS-gateways is configured to communicate with the at least one EV battery pack via a communication protocol. The system also includes a modular energy management system (MEMS) configured to control the EV battery packs via the BMS-gateways.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for stabilizing a power distribution network. The network is supplied at least partially by a renewable energy source. The system comprises a bidirectional AC-DC power conversion system between a supply 5 side distribution network and a load side grid. for converting a supply side AC voltage, at a supply side frequency. to a load side DC voltage; a voltage regulator for regulating the load side DC voltage; and a supply side control loop comprising at least one of a frequency control loop and a voltage control loop for making a measurement of a respective one of the supply side frequency and 10 supply side AC voltage. and controlling bidirectional power transmission between the bidirectional AC-DC power conversion system and one or more DC loads connected to the load side grid. based on the measurement from the respective frequency control loop and/or voltage control loop.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an active equalizer circuit, a battery management system, a power supply system and an electrical equipment. The active equalizer circuit comprises a plurality of switching transistors, a driving transformer, a multi-port converter, a buck converter, and a microcontroller. Each of the switching transistors is coupled to a battery cell in the series battery pack on a one-to-one basis. The multi-port converter comprises an equalizing transformer and a bridge converter, each secondary winding of the bridge converter is coupled to a corresponding plurality of battery cells. The buck converter has an input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the series battery pack and an output terminal coupled to an input terminal of the bridge converter.