Abstract: A method for establishing proof of existence and possession of source digital content, the method comprising the steps of generating a content certificate by calculating a content hash derived from the source digital content; creating code incorporating the content hash and content details, and a certifying body time-stamping and digitally signing the content hash and the content details to create a content certificate; transmitting the content certificate via a secure channel so that the recipient can verify that the certificate came from the certifying body; transmitting a digitally signed file representing the content certificate content details. A tamper-proof audit trail of certification is generated by: calculating a proving hash of a concatenated file of data relating to a plurality of content certificates; publishing the proving hash, and publishing the concatenated file.

Abstract: An authorisation system (2) is hosted by a financial institution to allow it to authorise transactions for customers having multiple users. Users of the customer can access an authorisation control model (4) to define transaction types according to conditions (11) and to define an authority state (10) associated with each transaction type. Each authority state (10) defines approval signatory sets and groups with Boolean AND and OR relationships to satisfy approval requirements.