Abstract: A filter apparatus comprises a filter having first and second opposed surfaces. A first reservoir is positioned adjacent with the first surface and in communication with the first surface, and a first inlet-outlet port is in communication with the first reservoir and spaced from the first surface. A second reservoir is positioned adjacent the second surface, and in communication with the second surface, and a second inlet-outlet port is in communication with the second reservoir and spaced from the second surface. A filter plate system comprises a reservoir plate. The reservoir plate comprises at least one reservoir well. The filter plate system further comprises a strainer plate. The strainer plate comprises at least one strainer well, which is removably receivable in the reservoir well. The strainer well comprises at least one mesh wall portion.

Abstract: A filter apparatus comprises a filter having first and second opposed surfaces. A first reservoir is positioned adjacent with the first surface and in communication with the first surface, and a first inlet-outlet port is in communication with the first reservoir and spaced from the first surface. A second reservoir is positioned adjacent the second surface, and in communication with the second surface, and a second inlet-outlet port is in communication with the second reservoir and spaced from the second surface. A filter plate system comprises a reservoir plate. The reservoir plate comprises at least one reservoir well. The filter plate system further comprises a strainer plate. The strainer plate comprises at least one strainer well, which is removably receivable in the reservoir well. The strainer well comprises at least one mesh wall portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining location information associated with a source of radiation includes a generator configured to emit a pattern of radiation in response to radiation received from the source, and a radiation pattern sensor disposed in a substantially fixed orientation relative to the generator to sense the emitted pattern of radiation. The pattern of radiation has a least one intensity maximum characterized by a position that indicates a bearing of the source of radiation. A related method includes receiving radiation from a source of radiation, generating a pattern of radiation, and extracting data associated with the angular bearing of the source.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining location information associated with a source of radiation includes a generator configured to emit a pattern of radiation in response to radiation received from the source, and a radiation pattern sensor disposed in a substantially fixed orientation relative to the generator to sense the emitted pattern of radiation. The pattern of radiation has a least one intensity maximum characterized by a position that indicates a bearing of the source of radiation. A related method includes receiving radiation from a source of radiation, generating a pattern of radiation, and extracting data associated with the angular bearing of the source.