Abstract: Provided herein are methods for preparing perfusable scaffolds for cell culture. These methods can comprise providing a bioink composition and a fugitive ink composition; chaotic printing the bioink composition and the fugitive ink composition to generate a microstructured precursor comprising a plurality of lamellar structures formed from the bioink composition; curing the bioink composition to form a cured scaffold precursor; and removing the fugitive ink from the cured scaffold precursor, thereby forming the perfusable scaffold. In some embodiments, the fugitive ink comprises hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). In some embodiments, the the bioink composition and the fugitive ink composition are chaotically printed into a housing comprising a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a path for fluid flow from the fluid inlet to the to generate a microstructured precursor occupying the path for fluid flow. Also provided are scaffolds prepared by these methods as well as modular bioreactors incorporating these scaffolds.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes additive manufacturing methods, in particular methods for optimizing the manufacture of objects by three-dimensional printing processes. Also provided are bioreactors as well as methods of using thereof.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for the preparation of perfusable scaffolds for cell culture. These methods can comprise providing a bioink composition and a fugitive ink composition; chaotic printing the bioink composition and the fugitive ink composition to generate a microstructured precursor comprising a plurality of lamellar structures formed from the bioink composition; curing the bioink composition to form a cured scaffold precursor; and removing the fugitive ink from the cured scaffold precursor, thereby forming the perfusable scaffold. Also provided are scaffolds prepared by these methods as well as modular bioreactors incorporating these scaffolds.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes additive manufacturing methods, in particular methods for optimizing the manufacture of objects by three-dimensional printing processes. Also provided are bioreactors as well as methods of using thereof.