Abstract: A secondary battery is provided and including a positive electrode that includes a sulfur-containing material; a negative electrode that includes a magnesium-containing material; and an electrolytic solution, wherein the sulfur-containing material includes trimagnesium disulfide (Mg3S2) in a discharged state.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of charging and/or discharging an electrochemical cell at a high rate, wherein the electrochemical cell has a working electrode comprising a niobium tungsten oxide and/or a niobium molybdenum oxide. The invention also provides an electrode comprising a niobium tungsten oxide wherein, the ratio of Nb2O5 to WO; is from 8:5 to 11:20, and an electrode comprising niobium molybdenum oxide, wherein the ratio of Nb2O5 to MoO3 is from 6:1 to 1:3.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for determining the state of charge (SOC) of an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte within a flow battery, by measuring the bulk magnetic susceptibility of the electrolyte. The method includes the step of measuring the magnetic susceptibility of an electrolyte in a measurement region and determining the state of charge of the electrolyte based on the magnetic susceptibility of the electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrolyte and a method of making an electrolyte of the formula: Mg[Al(R)4]2, where R represents a compound selected from a deprotonated alcohol or thiol; an amine; or a mixture thereof. The method includes the steps of: combining a Mg(AlH4)2 precursor with an alcohol, thiol or amine of the general formula R—H to create a reaction liquor containing Mg[Al(R)4]2; and washing the reaction liquor in an organic solvent.

Abstract: A salt of the formula: Mg[Al(R)4]2, where R represents a halogen-free compound selected from a deprotonated alcohol or thiol; or an amine; or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A method of making a salt of the formula: Mg[Al(R)4]2, where R represents a compound selected from a deprotonated alcohol or thiol; an amine; or a mixture thereof. The method comprising the steps of; combining a Mg(AlH4)2 precursor with an alcohol, thiol or amine of the general formula R—H to create a reaction liquor containing Mg[Al(R)4]2; and washing the reaction liquor in an organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode having a surface layer of niobium-containing metal oxide disposed on a secondary active electrode material. The niobium-containing metal oxide may be a Nb2O5 polymorph, NbO2 or Nb2O3, or it may be a mixed metal oxides such as niobium tungsten oxide, titanium niobium oxide or niobium molybdenum oxide. Also provide is an electrochemical cell comprising the electrode, and the use of the cell, for example in a lithium ion battery, at elevated or reduced temperatures.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of charging and/or discharging an electrochemical cell at a high rate, wherein the electrochemical cell has a working electrode comprising a niobium tungsten oxide and/or a niobium molybdenum oxide. The invention also provides an electrode comprising a niobium tungsten oxide wherein, the ratio of Nb2O5 to WO3 is from 8:5 to 11:20, and an electrode comprising niobium molybdenum oxide, wherein the ratio of Nb2O5 to MoO3 is from 6:1 to 1:3.

Abstract: A salt of the formula: Mg[Al(R)4]2, where R represents a halogen-free compound selected from a deprotonated alcohol or thiol; or an amine; or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A method of making a salt of the formula: Mg[Al(R)4]2, where R represents a compound selected from a de-protonated alcohol or thiol; an amine; or a mixture thereof. The method comprising the steps of; combining a Mg(AlH4)2 precursor with an alcohol, thiol or amine of the general formula R—H to create a reaction liquor containing Mg[Al(R)4]2; and washing the reaction liquor in an organic solvent.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for discharging and/or charging a lithium-oxygen battery, where the method comprises the steps of (i) generating a discharge product on or within a working electrode in a lithium-oxygen battery in a discharging step, wherein the amount of LiOH in the discharge product is greater than the amount of Li2O2; and/or (ii) consuming LiOH on or within a working electrode in a lithium-oxygen battery in a charging step, thereby to generate oxygen optionally together with water, wherein the amount of LiOH consumed in the charging step is greater than the amount of Li2O2 consumed. The the lithium-oxygen battery has an electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, and optionally the water content of the electrolyte after a charging step is 0.01 wt % or more.

Abstract: Described is a salt of the general formula: Mg2+(Lx)6(PF6)2 wherein each L is a ligand selected from dichloromethane, a cyclic ether, or a nitrile of the general formula R—C?N. The method of making the salt comprises the steps: providing Mg metal, activating the Mg metal in a first dry solution comprising a first ligand solution (L1), treating the dry solution of activated Mg metal and L1 with NOPF6 in a second dry solution comprising a second ligand solution (L2), heating the treated Mg metal solution removing residual solvent under vacuum, and recrystallizing the remaining solid to form the salt wherein Lx comprises a mixture of L1 and L2. The salt can be used as the salt in an electrolyte, or as an additive to an electrolyte, in a cell or battery.

Abstract: Described is a salt of the general formula: Mg2+(Lx)6(PF6)2 wherein each L is a ligand selected from dichloromethane, a cyclic ether, or a nitrile of the general formula R—C?N. The method of making the salt comprises the steps: providing Mg metal, activating the Mg metal in a first dry solution comprising a first ligand solution (L1), treating the dry solution of activated Mg metal and L1 with NOPF6 in a second dry solution comprising a second ligand solution (L2), heating the treated Mg metal solution removing residual solvent under vacuum, and recrystallizing the remaining solid to form the salt wherein Lx comprises a mixture of L1 and L2. The salt can be used as the salt in an electrolyte, or as an additive to an electrolyte, in a cell or battery.