Abstract: A proximity sensor including a structure suspending at least one lens above a circuit board, light emitters operable to project light beams through the lens along a common projection plane, light detectors operable to detect amounts of light arriving through the lens at the detector, wherein an object in the projection plane reflects light from an emitter to one or more of the detectors, and wherein each emitter-detector pair, including one of the emitters and one of the detectors, when synchronously activated, is expected to generate a greater detection signal at the activated detector than the other detectors, were they to be synchronously activated with any of the emitters, when the object is located at a specific 2D location in the projection plane corresponding to the emitter-detector pair, and a processor identifying gestures performed by the object based on amounts of light detected by the detector of each emitter-detector pair.

Abstract: To gain a better understanding of brain tumor angiogenesis, new techniques for isolating brain endothelial cells (ECs) and evaluating gene expression patterns were developed. When transcripts from brain ECs derived from normal and malignant colorectal tissues were compared with transcripts from non-endothelial cells, genes predominantly expressed in the endothelium were identified. Comparison between normal- and tumor-derived endothelium revealed genes that were specifically elevated in tumor-associated brain endothelium. These results confirm that neoplastic and normal endothelium in human brains are distinct at the molecular level, and have significant implications for the development of anti-angiogenic therapies in the future.

Abstract: The heater shutdown circuit is connected between an electric current source and a heating element in an electric heater and is operable to shut off the flow of current to the heating element when the heating element reaches a predetermined temperature and to maintain the flow of current shut off after the heating element cools to a temperature below the predetermined temperature. The heater shutdown circuit will maintain the electric current shut off until the heater shutdown circuit is disconnected from the current source for a predetermined period of time after which the heater shutdown circuit can be re-energized. The heater shutdown circuit includes a control circuit connected to the current source, a switching circuit coupled between the control circuit and the heating element, and a current sensing circuit coupled between the heating element and the junction between the control circuit and the switching circuit.