Abstract: The invention relates to a process of preparing regioregular polymers, in particular head-to-tail (HT) poly-(3-substituted) thiophenes with high regioregularity, to novel polymers prepared by this process, to the use of the novel polymers as semiconductors or charge transport materials in optical, electrooptical or electronic devices including field effect transistors (FETs), electroluminescent, photovoltaic and sensor devices, to FETs and other semiconducting components or materials comprising the novel polymers, to a process of endcapping polymers and to endcapped polymers obtained thereof and their use in the above devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nematic liquid-crystal media which comprise a) a dielectrically negative, liquid-crystalline component A comprising one or more compounds of the formula I in which the parameters are as defined in the text, and b) a dielectrically negative, liquid-crystalline component B, and optionally c) a dielectrically neutral, liquid-crystalline component C, and optionally d) a dielectrically positive, liquid-crystalline component D, and to the use of these media in liquid-crystal displays, and to liquid-crystal displays which use these media, in particular VAN and IPS displays.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of negative dielectric anisotropy which comprises at least one compound of the formula I in which R11 and R12, ring A, Z, a, L1 and L2 are as defined in claim 1, and the use thereof for an active-matrix display based on the ECB effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of preparing regioregular polymers, in particular head-to-tail (HT) poly-(3-substituted) thiophenes with high regioregularity, to novel polymers prepared by this process, to the use of the novel polymers as semiconductors or charge transport materials in optical, electrooptical or electronic devices including field effect transistors (FETs), electroluminescent, photovoltaic and sensor devices, to FETs and other semiconducting components or materials comprising the novel polymers, to a process of endcapping polymers and to endcapped polymers obtained thereof and their use in the above devices.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline mixture that contains one or more compounds of each of the formulae IA, IB and IC and to the use thereof in TN, STN and IPS displays.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of negative dielectric anisotropy which comprises at least one compound of the formula I1 and at least one compound of the formula I2 in which R11, R12, R21 and Z are as defined in claim 1, and the use thereof for an active matrix display based on the ECB or IPS effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of negative dielectric anisotropy which comprises at least one compound of the formula I 1

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline mixture that contains one or more compounds of each of the formulae IA, IB and IC 1

Abstract: The invention relates to supertwist liquid-crystal displays (SLCDs) having very short response times and good steepnesses and angle dependencies, and to the novel nematic liquid-crystal mixtures used therein, which are distinguished in that they comprise at least one compound of the formula IA and at least one compound of the formula IB and/or at least one compound of the formula IC in which Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, Z, L, q and c have the meaning given.

Abstract: The invention relates to supertwist liquid-crystal displays (SLCDs) having very short response times and good steepnesses and angle dependencies, and to the novel nematic liquid-crystal mixtures used therein, which are distinguished in that they comprise at least one compound of the formula IA and at least one compound of the formula IB in which Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Y1, Y2, n and p have the meaning given.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nematic liquid-crystal media which comprise

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of negative dielectric anisotropy which comprises at least one compound of the formula I1 1

Abstract: TN liquid-crystal displays and supertwist liquid-crystal displays (SLCDs) having very short response times and good steepnesses and angle dependencies are obtained by using nematic liquid-crystal mixtures which comprise at least one compound of formula IA ##STR1## and at least one compound of the formula IB ##STR2## in which R.sup.a, R.sup.b, R.sup.c, L and r are as defined herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to supertwist liquid-crystal displays (SLCDs) having very short response times and good steepnesses and angle dependences, and to the nematic liquid-crystal mixtures according to the invention used therein, which are distinguished by the fact that they comprise at least one compound of the formula IA and at least one compound of the formula IB ##STR1## in which R, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and C are as defined herein.

Abstract: Supertwist liquid-crystal displays having excellent properties are obtained if the nematic liquid-crystal mixture comprises at least one compound of the formula I ##STR1## and at least one compound of the formula I' ##STR2## in which Alkenyl is an alkenyl radical having 2 to 7 carbon atoms,R is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in which, in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --CO--, --OCO-- or --COO--,b is 0 or 1, andL.sup.2 is H or F.