Abstract: A hollow golf club head having face end and tail ends, a strike face at the face end, a crown, a sole, and a structural response modifying constraining member having first and second ends, the second being forward of the first and spaced from the strike face, the constraining member extending vertically and in contact with the sole and the crown at its first and second ends, and extending horizontally distance that is substantially less than the sole length, when the club head is in address position.

Abstract: A hollow golf club head having face end and tail ends, a strike face at the face end, a crown, a sole, and a structural response modifying constraining member having first and second ends, the second being forward of the first and spaced from the strike face, the constraining member extending vertically and in contact with the sole and the crown at its first and second ends, and extending horizontally distance that is substantially less than the sole length, when the club head is in address position.

Abstract: A hollow golf club head having face end and tail ends, a strike face at the face end, a crown, a sole of length >3.5 inches, volume 0.300 cm3, and a structural response modifying constraining member having first and second ends, the second being forward of the first and spaced from the strike face, the constraining member extending vertically and in contact with the sole and the crown at its first and second ends, and extending horizontally a maximum distance that is <40% of the sole length, when the club head is in address position.

Abstract: A golf club head having a crown, a sole having a length, ls, a strike face, a structural response modifying element having a constraining portion and a cantilever portion, the constraining portion extending from the sole to the crown and having a length lsc that is between about 10% to about 40% of length ls, wherein the cantilever portion extends form the constraining member toward the strike face. In another embodiment the constraining portion extends from the crown to a skirt portion of the club head, but is not connected to the strike face.

Abstract: A golf club head having a crown, a sole having a length, ls, a strike face, a structural response modifying element having a constraining portion and a cantilever portion, the constraining portion extending from the sole to the crown and having a length lsc that is between about 10% to about 40% of length ls, wherein the cantilever portion extends form the constraining member toward the strike face. In another embodiment the constraining portion extends from the crown to a skirt portion of the club head, but is not connected to the strike face.

Abstract: A golf club head having a crown, a sole having a length, ls, a strike face, a structural response modifying element having a constraining portion and a cantilever portion, the constraining portion extending from the sole to the crown and having a length lsc that is between about 10% to about 40% of length ls, wherein the cantilever portion extends from the constraining member toward the strike face. In another embodiment the constraining portion extends from the crown to a skirt portion of the club head, but is not connected to the strike face.

Abstract: A golf club head having a crown, a sole having a length, ls, a strike face, a structural response modifying element having a constraining portion and a cantilever portion, the constraining portion extending from the sole to the crown and having a length lsc that is between about 10% to about 40% of length ls, wherein the cantilever portion extends from the constraining member toward the strike face. In another embodiment the constraining portion extends from the crown to a skirt portion of the club head, but is not connected to the strike face.

Abstract: An accurate measure of normally operating noise is required for a useful noise measurement system. A device is needed to make a representative measure of the boat's acoustic power using measured boat sound level with integrated corrections for sensed distance to the boat and measured ambient sound level. This device needs to make this measurement process invisible, automatic, and accurate from a law enforcement point of view.