Abstract: Tall oil heads may be used in lieu of, or in combination with, conventional fatty acids in the compounding and curing of vulcanizable rubber. Tall oil heads inherently contain a significant amount of neutral materials, and their incorporation into a pre-vulcanized rubber composition allows the compounder to incorporate less aromatic oil into the composition. The composition may be made by a method comprising compounding a mixture comprising a vulcanizable elastomer, a sulfur source, and Tall Oil Heads (TOH), the TOH comprising 40-75 wt % fatty acids and greater than 10 wt % neutral materials, and heating the compounded mixture to a temperature sufficient to cause substantial crosslinking of the elastomer.

Abstract: The specification discloses terpene-based solvent compositions which comprise diterpenes as a major component and a minor amount of monoterpenes. The mixtures exhibit solvent properties similar to monoterpenes but have flash points high enough to be classified as combustible rather than flammable materials.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for cleaning fuel injector systems of internal combustion engines which comprises avoidance of burns and possible injuries in setting up the conventional system apparatus in the engine compartment. The present method is characterized by setting up the required connections and apparatus at the rear of the vehicle in an area isolated from the region under the vehicle hood. The invention has other advantages. In particular, filter replacement in the isolated area subsequent to completion of the cleaning process is effected by a novel aspect of the method which involves filter removal as a step in the method. In a conventional method the filter is left in place but ultimately replaced, for comprehensive maintenance of the fuel system, as an additional step. Another advantage of the invention is the method of detecting leakage in injector and fuel flow systems and to detect the extent of clogging of individual injectors to determine the need for replacement.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for cleaning fuel injector systems of internal combustion engines which comprises avoidance of burns and possible injuries in setting up the conventional system apparatus in the engine compartment. The present method is characterized by setting up the required connections and apparatus at the rear of the vehicle in an area isolated from the region under the vehicle hood. The invention has other advantages. In particular, filter replacement in the isolated area subsequent to completion of the cleaning process is effected by a novel aspect of the method which involves filter removal as a step in the method. In a conventional method the filter is left in place but ultimately replaced, for comprehensive maintenance of the fuel system, as an additional step. Another advantage of the invention is the method of detecting leakage in injector and fuel flow systems and to detect the extent of clogging of individual injectors to determine the need for replacement.