Abstract: The method of the invention for combustion of residues from refining petroleum in a boiler comprising a hearth and injectors is characterized in that cooled gas containing oxygen is injected into the hearth in the hottest region of said hearth. Injection into the very hot region of the hearth cracks tar or aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons and converts them into basic compounds that are easily combustible and therefore less pollutant.

Abstract: A reactor (100) is provided which comprises an enclosure (1,2,3) which has along its longitudinal axis (4--4') a hot zone (1), a cold zone (2) and between the hot and the cold zone an intermediate zone (3) and which has at least one gas inlet tube (12,32). The reactor further comprises a heat-insulating plug (30) for being positioned in the intermediate zone (3) to prevent a gas-flow from the hot zone (1) to the cold zone (2) of the enclosure (1,2,3) and coupling means (13,102;33,36) for transmitting gas from the gas inlet tube (12;32) into the hot zone (1). The use of the heat insulating plug (30) prevents deposition of unwanted material on the walls of the cold zone (2) of the reactor.

Abstract: A superheater bundle for a horizontal steam separator-superheater, the bundle comprising an array of parallel tubes disposed in a triangular pitch inside a frame (3, 4) which is polygonal in shape and symmetrical about its plane of symmetry, with the bottom of the frame delimiting an inlet orifice for steam to be superheatd and with the top of the frame delimiting an outlet orifice for superheated steam. At least two of the sloping sides (11, 13, 15, 15, 17; 12, 14, 16, 18) of th polygon-shaped frame (3, 4) are parallel to the sloping segments formed by the pitch of the tubes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a spring (10) of the cylindrical type to be used at high temperatures. This spring (10) is made of refractory material, such as quartz, boron nitride or graphite. It is constituted by recesses (11.sub.1 to 11.sub.7) not adjoining each other, having a height h and which are distributed along a helical line. The method of manufacturing utilizes a wire saw for forming these recesses in a cylindrical tube, which is subjected to a rotation after each sawing operation. The absence of microcracks imparts a high elasticity to the spring up to high temperatures. It is used for transmitting movements at high temperatures, more particularly when conditions of perfect cleanliness are desired, as, for example, in the case of semiconductor metallurgy.

Abstract: A device for fixing a perforated sheet (8) against the perforated tube plate (1) of a heat exchanger having a bundle of tubes (4, 5), the perforated sheet (8) controlling the rate of fluid flow along the tubes, and the device comprising hollow pins (10) inserted in the ends of some of the tubes (4) and expanded therein, the hollow pins terminating outside the tubes with threaded ends (12) onto which respective nuts (15) are screwed for clamping the perforated sheet against the perforated tube plate, the nuts having heads including respective axial fluid-flow controlling bores (17).

Abstract: A portable identifying element has the general shape of a laminated credit card, and comprises a front sheet (6), a central sheet (1) and a rear sheet (6'), all of plastic material. An active electronic circuit (3) is positioned within a cavity (2) of the central sheet. A thin layer of copper (7) is juxtaposed with the electronic circuit between the front sheet and rear sheet for removing heat dissipated within the circuit.

Abstract: Method of providing metal bumps on an apertured substrate and substrate having metal bumps.