Abstract: Methods are provided to inhibit scale formation in oil or gas production systems. In one embodiment, the scale inhibiting treatment comprises: A) an AAA terpolymer and B) a phosphonate. The treatment can be added to these systems in the well area itself, to the well annulus and its associated tubes, casings, etc., to the oil or gas bearing subterranean formation, to injection conduits for injecting steam or fracking fluid to the subterranean formation, to the produced water or to equipment in fluid flow contact with the produced water.

Abstract: Methods are provided to inhibit scale formation in oil or gas production systems. In one embodiment, the scale inhibiting treatment comprises: A) an AAA terpolymer and B) a phosphonate. The treatment can be added to these systems in the well area itself, to the well annulus and its associated tubes, casings, etc., to the oil or gas bearing subterranean formation, to injection conduits for injecting steam or fracking fluid to the subterranean formation, to the produced water or to equipment in fluid flow contact with the produced water.

Abstract: A cooling tower simulation system may receive a measurement from a cooling tower sensor and generate a predicted output of a cooling tower system based on a model of the cooling tower system. The simulation system may generate an estimated output using an extended Kalman filter with the measurement and the predicted output as inputs, wherein the estimated output represents a characteristic of the cooling tower system.

Abstract: A cooling tower simulation system may receive a measurement from a cooling tower sensor and generate a predicted Noutput of a cooling tower system based on a model of the cooling tower system. The simulation system may generate an estimated output using an extended Kalman filter with the measurement and the predicted output as inputs, wherein the estimated output represents a characteristic of the cooling tower system.

Abstract: A method for remediating bacterially-induced corrosion, environmental damage, and/or process inefficiencies in an industrial process includes identifying an industrial process where target bacteria adversely affect corrosion, environmental impact, and/or process efficiencies. The process also includes identifying the strains of the target bacteria, obtaining a bacteriophage virulent against one or more of the strains of the target bacteria, and exposing the target bacteria to the bacteriophage. The method can utilize an aqueous composition comprising bacteriophage encapsulated in at least one selected from the group consisting of: liposomes, foam, and gel.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for corrosion inhibition treatment of aqueous systems such as cooling water systems. The methods include conjoint use of a polyvalent metal ion, such as Al or Mn and a corrosion inhibitor/deposit control agent (DCA) to the water system. The corrosion inhibitor DCA agent may be an organic compound such as a hydroxyacid, phosphonocarboxylic acid, polyhydroxysuccinic acid, or polymaleic acid or anhydride.

Abstract: Methods are provided to inhibit corrosion of metals in contact with aqueous systems such as cooling water systems. In accordance with the methods, a hydroxyacid compound and orthophosphates are used to treat the system. Additionally, an adjuvant including poly(epoxysuccinic acids), an additional hydroxy acid, and a polycarboxylic acid, may be added to the system water.

Abstract: An improved stabilized biocidal delivery system has been found which increases the efficiency and effectiveness of introducing antimicrobial compounds into complex bio-film matrices through the use of liposome vesicular carriers, thereby removing the bio-fouling in industrial water bearing systems, including piping, heat exchanges, condensers, filtration systems and fluid storage tanks. The improved stabilized biocide is comprised of a vesicle encapsulated biocide that is stabilized against chemical and heat degradation over longer periods of time than previously possible through the incorporation of a stabilizer compound.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for corrosion inhibition treatment of aqueous systems such as cooling water systems. The methods include conjoint use of a polyvalent metal ion, such as Al or Mn and a corrosion inhibitor/deposit control agent (DCA) to the water system. The corrosion inhibitor DCA agent may be an organic compound such as a hydroxyacid, phosphonocarboxylic acid, polyhydroxysuccinic acid, or polymaleic acid or anhydride.

Abstract: Methods are provided to inhibit corrosion of metals in contact with aqueous systems such as cooling water systems. In accordance with the methods, a hydroxyacid compound and orthophosphates are used to treat the system. Additionally, an adjuvant including poly(epoxysuccinic acids), an additional hydroxy acid, and a polycarboxylic acid, may be added to the system water.

Abstract: Concentration of a polyelectrolyte in the water of an aqueous system is controlled by first withdrawing a sample of the water and adding a known or standard amount of a fluorochromatic reagent to the sample. Then light energy is directed into the sample whereby light energy of a selected excitation wavelength for the fluorochromatic dye is available for absorption by the fluorochromatic reagent. The intensity of light emitted about a selected emission wavelength for the fluorochromatic reagent is measured and the intensity of the emitted light is compared to a standard curve, comprising a plot of fluorescence emission intensity of the fluorochromatic reagent in the presence of a polyelectrolyte versus concentration the polyelectrolyte. The concentration of the polyelectrolyte in the sample of water is determined from the comparison.

Abstract: In a diagnostic method wherein steam condensate is evaluated, the proportion of condensate water from one steam source, versus other steam sources, is determined by adding at an addition point a tracer that is selectively carried over into the steam.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting calcium sulfate scale formation and deposition and/or dispersing iron from a feedstream passing through a reverse osmosis system which comprises the steps of: controlling the pH of the feedstream within the range between about 6.0 to about 7.0; controlling the temperature of the feedstream within the range between about 50.degree. to about 80.degree. F.; and adding a scale inhibitor and/or iron disperant to the feedstream in an amount between about 0.002 ppm per ppm hardness (as CaCO.sub.3) of the feedstream to about 0.005 ppm per ppm hardness (as CaCO.sub.3) of the feedstream, the scale inhibitor comprising a water-soluble organic phosphonate and an N-substituted acrylamide polymer containing an amide structure as follows: ##STR1## where R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.

Abstract: A method for determining the presence of ferrous ion in boiler waters is described. The method can be used to directly measure the rate of corrosion occurring in boiler waters, and can measure the corrosion rates in the presence of boiler water treatment chemicals. The method uses a complex formed between only ferrous ion and a chemical 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p,p'-disulfonic acid monohydrate reagent.

Abstract: New oxygen scavengers for boiler waters have been discovered, which oxygen scavengers are based upon N,N,N',N'-tetra substituted phenylenediamines. These compounds provide oxygen scavenging capabilities, metal passivating capabilities, volatility such that condensate systems in an operating boiler are protected, and may be formulated with other oxygen scavengers and other common treatment agents used in boiler waters.The preferred tetra substituted phenylenediamines are N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamines, or its precursors.

Abstract: New oxygen scavengers for boiler waters have been discovered, which oxygen scavengers are based upon N,N,N',N'-tetra substituted phenylenediamines. These compounds provide oxygen scavenging capabilities, metal passivating capabilities, volatility such that condensate systems in an operating boilder are protected, and may be formulated with other oxygen scavengers and other common treatment agents used in boiler waters.The preferred tetra substituted phenylenediamines are N,N,N', N'-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamines, or its precursors.

Abstract: Concentration cycles, percent life holding time for a component in the boiler and continuous treatment concentrations are monitored or determined in a boiler system by adding to the feedwater an inert tracer in a predetermined concentration C.sub.I, which reaches a final concentration C.sub.F at steady state in the boiler and which exhibits a blowdown concentration C.sub.t at different points in time. The component is an inert tracer having no significant carryover in the steam, nor significant degradation during boiler cycles. The tracer is monitored by continuously converting a characteristic of its concentration to an analog which may be recorded as a function of time.

Abstract: The invention is a method of making water-insoluble aliphatic primary or secondary amines, water-soluble or dispersible, which comprises reacting at a temperature of at least 120.degree. C. these amines with water-soluble acrylamide polymer which contains at least 5 mole percent acrylamide to transamidate not more than 50% mole percent of the acrylamide polymer with the water-insoluble aliphatic primary or secondary amine. The invention also covers a water-soluble or dispersible polymeric composition comprising an acrylic acid polymer having a molecular weight within the range of 500-100,000 which contains between 0.5-50 mole percent of the acrylic acid groups in the form of the amides of a water-insoluble aliphatic primary or secondary amine which contains from 10-36 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid with certain N-vinyl amides are excellent treating agents to prevent scale and corrosion caused by boiler waters in contact with heat transfer surfaces.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method of preparing copolymers of acrylamido sulfonic acids which comprises converting to acrylamido sulfonic groups at least 5 mole % of the acrylic acid or methacrylic acid groups in a polymer which contains at least 5 mole % of these monomers in its structures by reacting an aqueous solution of the acrylic acid or methacrylic acid polymer with an amino sulfonic acid under pressure at a temperature of at least 70.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to convert at least 5 mole % of the acrylic acid or methacrylic acid groups in the polymer to amido sulfonic acid groups corresponding to the starting amino sulfonic acid.