Abstract: A hierarchical tree structure is used to facilitate the communication of encrypted keys to particular users having access to the tree. All users are in communication with a root node, but the information content of the material at the root node is decipherable only by the intended users of this information. Protected data is encrypted using a variety of data-keys specific to the data. These data-keys are encrypted using a combination of node-keys that are specific to particular users or groups of users. Users having access to the node-key associated with a particular encrypted data-key are able to decipher the data associated with the data-key; users without access to the particular node-key are unable to decrypt the data-key, and thus unable to decipher the data. The hierarchical tree is preferably structured based on a similarity of access rights among users, to minimize the overhead associated with providing user-specific access rights.

Abstract: A user interface and a processor coupled to the user interface wherein the processor receives access requests through the user interface and authorizes access through the user interface. The processor associates a rights request with a role based policy to determine access rights, modifies the determined access rights in accordance with an exception list related to particular users and records, and authorizes access to a record based upon the modified determined access rights.

Abstract: A hierarchical tree structure is used to facilitate the communication of encrypted keys to particular users having access to the tree. All users are in communication with a root node, but the information content of the material at the root node is decipherable only by the intended users of this information. Protected data is encrypted using a variety of data-keys specific to the data. These data-keys are encrypted using a combination of node-keys that are specific to particular users or groups of users. Users having access to the node-key associated with a particular encrypted data-key are able to decipher the data associated with the data-key; users without access to the particular node-key are unable to decrypt the data-key, and thus unable to decipher the data. The hierarchical tree is preferably structured based on a similarity of access rights among users, to minimize the overhead associated with providing user-specific access rights.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of authenticating an individual (321) at an authenticating device (311) and an authenticating system for authenticating an individual. A basic idea of the present invention is to store, at a device or a system with which an individual wishes to authenticate herself, one or more data structures each comprising a value based on an identifier pertaining to the individual and an encrypted copy of the identifier. When the individual wants to authenticate herself, she contacts the authenticating device whereby a request is made to attain the encrypted identifier included in a specific data structure stored at the authenticating device. The individual subsequently provides proof to the authenticating device that she actually knows the identifier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method at an issuing authority (111) to anonymously provide an individual (121) with a certificate (C), a method of providing anonymous approval of the individual at a communicating party (101) by means of using the certificate, an issuing authority for anonymously providing an individual with a certificate and an approving device for anonymously approving the individual by means of using the certificate. A basic idea of the invention is to provide an individual anonymously with certificates at an issuing authority, which certificates subsequently can be used by an individual to anonymously prove membership in a group at a communicating party.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, devices, computer program products as well as a signal for providing privacy to a user in relation to data, which data can be a content identifier (cr_id) for identifying content. For that reason a usage right certificate (UR) generated in relation to the data, includes the data (cr_id), concealed user identifying information (for example by using (H(PK//RAN)) and random data (RAN)) enabling the verification of the user identity in the user identifying information. In this way a user is guaranteed privacy in relation to information, such as content he has purchased.