Abstract: A gas sensor is for determining at least one physical quantity of a gas, e.g., an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the gas sensor having a sensor element that is fixed in a housing of the gas sensor by a seal assembly. The seal assembly includes a sealing element, which has a ceramic and/or a metallic material. After the heat treatment, the sealing element has a maximum decrease in volume of 5 percent, or an increase in volume, based on the volume of the sealing element prior to the heat treatment.

Abstract: A composite body made of at least two ceramic layers, in which the ceramic layers are permanently bonded to one another at defined bonding points by a contact layer made of a bonding material. To achieve a permanent, thermally stable bond of ceramic layers having different coefficients of thermal expansion, the bonding material has a low modulus of elasticity. During the manufacture of the composite body, the bonding points of the ceramic layers are pretreated to form a porous surface structure, the bonding material is applied to these bonding points, and after the ceramic layers are laid one on top of another with bonding points facing toward one another and bonding material lying between them, the assembled composite body is subjected to a heat treatment.

Abstract: A gas sensor is for determining at least one physical quantity of a gas, e.g., an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the gas sensor having a sensor element that is fixed in a housing of the gas sensor by a seal assembly. The seal assembly includes a sealing element, which has a ceramic and/or a metallic material. After the heat treatment, the sealing element has a maximum decrease in volume of 5 percent, or an increase in volume, based on the volume of the sealing element prior to the heat treatment.

Abstract: A green ceramic insert having a green ceramic body provided with a recess extending through the ceramic body is provided, the recess being filled with a paste which may be converted into an electrical plated hole. A ceramic insert made from a sintered green ceramic insert of this type is also described. In addition, a ceramic green body or a green body composite is provided, which has at least one recess in some areas, into which one of the described green ceramic inserts is inserted. The ceramic insert may be integrally joined to the laminated composite, a conductive paste converted by sintering into a printed conductor being routed on the laminated composite in a manner electrically insulated from it, and electroconductively connecting the top of the laminated composite to its bottom via the electrical plated hole.

Abstract: A composite body made of at least two ceramic layers, in which the ceramic layers are permanently bonded to one another at defined bonding points by a contact layer made of a bonding material. To achieve a permanent, thermally stable bond of ceramic layers having different coefficients of thermal expansion, the bonding material has a low modulus of elasticity. During the manufacture of the composite body, the bonding points of the ceramic layers are pretreated to form a porous surface structure, the bonding material is applied to these bonding points, and after the ceramic layers are laid one on top of another with bonding points facing toward one another and bonding material lying between them, the assembled composite body is subjected to a heat treatment.

Abstract: A green ceramic insert having a green ceramic body provided with a recess extending through the ceramic body is provided, the recess being filled with a paste which may be converted into an electrical plated hole. A ceramic insert made from a sintered green ceramic insert of this type is also described. In addition, a ceramic green body or a green body composite is provided, which has at least one recess in some areas, into which one of the described green ceramic inserts is inserted. The ceramic insert may be integrally joined to the laminated composite, a conductive paste converted by sintering into a printed conductor being routed on the laminated composite in a manner electrically insulated from it, and electroconductively connecting the top of the laminated composite to its bottom via the electrical plated hole.

Abstract: A green ceramic body, in particular a green ceramic film having a function layer which contains platinum and is applied in at least some areas is described; this function layer is photostructurable in daylight and in the presence of oxygen. In addition, a method of producing such a green ceramic body is described, including the process steps: a) making available a green ceramic starting body, b) applying a photostructurable paste containing platinum to the starting body in at least some areas, in particular by printing, in daylight and in the presence of oxygen, and c) photostructuring the applied paste to form the function layer. The green ceramic body described here is suitable in particular for further processing to form a temperature sensor.

Abstract: A measuring arrangement for the analysis of gas components in gas mixtures, having at least one electrochemical solid electrolyte test cell with at least one cathode in a diffusion channel is exposed to a gas mixture. The use of several cathodes wired one behind the other makes possible selective analysis of individual gas components. At the first cathode, oxygen is selectively pumped off by the use of specifically oxygen-ion-conductive layers so that another component of the gas mixture can be analyzed by the following electrode.

Abstract: A gas sensor is for determining at least one physical quantity of a gas, e.g., an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the gas sensor having a sensor element that is fixed in a housing of the gas sensor by a seal assembly. The seal assembly includes a sealing element, which has a ceramic and/or a metallic material. After the heat treatment, the sealing element has a maximum decrease in volume of 5 percent, or an increase in volume, based on the volume of the sealing element prior to the heat treatment.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor for ascertaining gas concentrations in gases, particularly in exhaust gases of combustion engines, includes an oxygen-ion-conductive solid electrolyte which is provided with electrode layers arranged at a distance from one another and with at least one resistance heating element that is separated from the solid electrolyte by an electrical insulating layer, a foil binder layer being provided between the electrical insulating layer and the solid electrolyte. At least one electron-conductive intermediate layer is provided between the electrode-side electrical insulating layer and the adjacent solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A photostructurable paste is proposed which is particularly suitable for manufacturing structured resistor layers or printed circuit traces on ceramic blank substrates. In this context, the paste has a light-sensitive organic binder and a filler material, the binder including a polymer, a photoinitiator, an inhibitor for a thermal polymerization, an organic disulfide and an organic solvent. The filler material is a platinum powder, a platinum compound or a mixture of a platinum powder or a platinum compound with a ceramic powder or a ceramic precursor compound.

Abstract: A green ceramic body, in particular a green ceramic film (10) having a function layer (12) which contains platinum and is applied in at least some areas is described; this function layer (12) is photostructurable in daylight and in the presence of oxygen. In addition, a method of producing such a green ceramic body is described, including the process steps: a) making available a green ceramic starting body (10), b) applying a photostructurable paste containing platinum to the starting body (10) in at least some areas, in particular by printing, in daylight and in the presence of oxygen, and c) photostructuring the applied paste to form the function layer (12). The green ceramic body described here is suitable in particular for further processing to form a temperature sensor (5).

Abstract: The invention proposes a paste for welding ceramic materials to metallic contact surfaces or metals, which contains a noble metal, an aluminum compound, a silicon compound, and a compound selected from the group of the barium compounds, calcium compounds, and magnesium compounds. Along with these, a binder, a solvent, a softener, a thixotropic agent, and a dispersing agent can also be added to the paste. A paste of this kind is used to produce a welded joint between ceramic materials and a metallic contact surface, the paste preferably being printed onto the ceramic material. The ceramic material is then sintered with the paste, and then the metallic contact surface or a metal is welded on.

Abstract: An electrochemical measuring sensor having a solid electrolyte, a first electrode exposed to a gas to be measured and a second electrode exposed to a reference gas, with the electrodes preferably being arranged on opposite sides of the solid electrolyte. At least one of the electrodes (16, 20) is provided with a contouring (24) on its side (22) that is exposed to the gas to be measured or to the reference gas, with the contouring being a trench-shaped groove (26) embossed into the surface of the electrode such that the electrode is pressed into the adjacent solid electrolyte in the region of the groove. According to the method, the embossing is done while the electrode and the solid electrolyte are in the non-sintered state, and the sensor is subsequently sintered.

Abstract: Ceramic multilayer substrates as circuit supports for complex electronic circuits wth integrated capacitors are manufactured by printing capacitor structures, using the screen printing process, directly onto a first green ceramic film. The first green ceramic film with the printed structures is arranged in a stack with further green ceramic films, laminated, and fired. During lamination of the ceramic films, the printed structures are pressed into the ceramic films so that after firing, a multilayer substrate with integrated capacitors results.

Abstract: An insulation layer system, in particular for gas sensors, is proposed, having at least one electrically conductive solid-electrolyte layer (10), an electrically conductive layer (20) and at least one electrically insulating layer (13) between the solid-electrolyte layer (10) and the electrically conductive layer (20). The material of the insulating layer (13) contains, prior to sintering, pentavalent metal oxides of niobium or tantalum as an additive, it being possible for the additive to diffuse into the adjoining solid-electrolyte layer (10) during sintering.

Abstract: A measuring sensor for determining oxygen content in a gas mixture including exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, includes a base substrate which is comprised of a base material and which is electrically insulating; and an electrochemical measuring probe and an electrochemical reference probe arranged separate from each other on the base substrate. The measuring probe includes at least one internal electrode; at least one solid electrolyte island; and at least one external electrode. The measuring probe additionally includes a diffusion barrier. Further base material layers composed of the base material are provided so as to embed at least the diffusion barrier, the at least one internal electrodes for the measuring probe and the internal electrode for the reference probe. A diffusion hole is defined between the measuring probe and the reference probe which extends from the base substrate through the diffusion barrier and respective base material layers, and out to the gas mixture to be measured.

Abstract: A sensor element for determining concentration of at least one constituent of a gas mixture operates on an electro-chemical measuring process and includes a gas measuring chamber; a pair of electrodes and an electrode chamber located between the pair of electrodes; and a diffusion conduit adjoining the electrode chamber and having a gas input which connects with the gas measuring chamber, having a gas output which connects with the electrode chamber, and having at least one cross-sectional area including a height, w, and a length, L, which height, w, has a preselected minimum value, and which length, L, has a value which is equal to or greater than the preselected minimum value of the height, w.

Abstract: Sensor element for limiting current sensors to determine the lambda value of gas mixtures, in particular of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, having inner and outer pump electrodes disposed on a ceramic substrate, the inner pump electrode of which is accessible for the measurement gas supplied through a diffusion layer acting as a diffusion barrier; having a gas-tight cover layer above the diffusion layer and having conductor tracks for the pump electrodes is described, in which the diffusion layer is adjustable, to calibrate the sensor element. This adjustability is advantageously attained by embodying the side of the diffusion layer 5 oriented toward the measurement gas inlet opening as a zigzag-shaped adjustment zone 8, from which parts can be separated mechanically or by laser cuts. The invention makes comparatively simple calibration of sensor elements possible.

Abstract: A printing paste suitable for application by an elastically deformable stamp on a substrate and method for said application. The paste comprises a powdered solid component in an organic carrier with a weight ratio of between 6:4 and 8:2. The organic carrier comprises 4-9% by weight ethyl cellulose, 74-82% alpha-terpineol, and 8-17% benzyl alcohol. The paste may also contain up to 20% by weight of polyethylene glycol. The solid component of the paste is preferably a mixture of platinum and zirconium dioxide which can be applied as an electrically conductive paste to form a conductive coating on a substrate, preferably a tubular or other substrate having a non-planar surface. The paste has a viscosity of between 6 and 8.5 pascal seconds.