Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for indicating network node fixed frame period (FFP) or UE FFP. A UE may transmit an uplink (UL) signal at a start of a UE FFP. A network node may respond by allocating UL resource(s) for subsequent UE transmission(s). The network node may implicitly signal, in Downlink Control Information (DCI), whether a UL transmission is to be transmitted based on assuming a UE FFP or a network node FFP for the UL transmission. The UE may make this assumption based on a cyclic prefix (CP) extension indication in DCI. For example, for certain CP extensions, the UE may determine to transmit the UL transmission according to the UE FFP. Otherwise, the UE may determine to transmit the UL transmission according to a network node FFP.

Abstract: At least one embodiment includes at least one memory storing instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to perform receiving downlink control information common to a plurality of apparatuses, wherein the downlink control information includes beam format information relating to an access node, and using the received beam format information to adapt transmission to the access node or reception from the access node on at least one channel.

Abstract: A network node allocates primary frequency resources and at least one secondary frequency resource to a user equipment (UE) within a dynamically changing bandwidth (BW) of a cell served by the network node. The network node further configures the UE to use the primary frequency resources for an UL transmission when the primary frequency resources fall within an UL part of the BW, and to use the secondary frequency resource for the UL transmission when the primary frequency resources fall, at least partly, within a downlink (DL) part and/or a Guard Band (GB) of the BW, and/or fall, at least partly, outside the BW. The UE may dynamically, based on such configuration from the network node, adapt its resource allocation to perform the UL transmission even if the primary frequency resources are not fully within the UL part of the BW in a current time resource.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising means for: receiving, at a user equipment (UE) from a base station provisioning of a plurality of pre-configured radio resources for data transmission during an inactive state of the UE, wherein a pre-configured radio resource is associated with a set of one or more transmission beams; acquiring at the UE validity information associated with one or more said pre-configured resources; using at least the validity information to determine, for use, a valid preconfigured radio resource.

Abstract: A node configured to support a method of communicating between two nodes in the unlicensed spectrum is disclosed where a channel can be simultaneously used for downlink and uplink communication. The method performed at a node involves assessing at that node, for example, a UE, that there is a transmission to be made to a further node, for example a gNB. The first node receives an indication that communication with the further node is supportable on a channel within an unlicensed spectrum using flexible frequency division duplex (FDD) techniques. The first node determines whether transmission by the further node is being made within a first portion of the channel within the unlicensed spectrum; and if so, transmits to the further node within a second portion of the channel which does not overlap with the first.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communicating on multiple channels, perhaps in data duplication communications in unlicensed spectrum. The method comprises scanning a plurality of channels in unlicensed spectrum to determine whether the plurality of channels are available. In response to determining at least one of the channels is available determining when a transmitting opportunity may occur and estimating at least one delay between said transmitting opportunity and at least one further transmitting opportunity at which it is estimated that the apparatus may be able to transmit a signal on at least one other of said multiple channels. Determining hether any of said at least one delays lie within a current deferral allowance and where not transmitting the signal on the available hannel; and where so delaying transmitting the signal until a further transmitting opportunity within the current deferral allowance.

Abstract: A method of communicating between nodes on a plurality of channels within the unlicensed spectrum is disclosed where coordination of the acquiring of the different channels is provided so that a further channel is acquired prior to the occupancy time of the currently used channel expiring. The method involves determining at one node that a channel in the unlicensed band has been acquired for a predetermined occupancy time. Initiating a scan of at least one further channel within the unlicensed spectrum to determine if a further channel is available. Once a predetermined time has passed and within the predetermined occupancy time, acquiring the available channel by transmitting a signal on it.

Abstract: In accordance with example embodiments of the invention there is at least a method and apparatus to perform receiving, by a network device, information comprising a multiple transmission time interval uplink grant with cyclic redundancy check bits scrambled by a radio network temporary identifier; determining, by the network device of a communication network, a subset of data transmissions of a previous burst of data transmissions to be retransmitted by the network device; and performing by the network device retransmission of the subset of data transmissions using scheduled resources of the uplink grant.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving control information including a slot format indicator configured to indicate scheduled channel usage for time units, wherein the slot format indicator includes at least one indicator configured to indicate that simultaneous uplink and downlink communications are scheduled to occur on a shared channel in at least one of the time units; and determining a type of channel sensing to use prior to initiating an uplink transmission on at least a portion of the shared channel based, at least in part, on the control information, wherein determining a type of channel sensing to use comprises analysing the scheduled channel usage for, at least, the time unit in which the uplink transmission is scheduled to be initiated and the time unit before the time unit in which

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising: occupying a first channel for data transmission between a first multi-link device (MLD) and a second MLD for a first channel occupation period (COP), transmitting a measurement request to a subset of MLDs to perform channel measurements on at least two channels during the first COP, transmitting at least one data message to the second MLD during the first COP, receiving, after transmission of the at least one data message, at least one channel status report comprising channel status information from at least one MLD of the subset of MLDs during the first COP, and selecting a channel, among the at least two channels, for data transmission between the first MLD and an MLD for a second COP, wherein the selection is based at least partly on the channel status report.

Abstract: A transmitter is configured to set a counter to a starting value, sense whether a channel is busy or idle and to update the counter value during sensing. When there is data to be transmitted, the transmitter is configured to determine, based on at least the counter value at a transmit opportunity and a duration the channel has been sensed idle before the transmit opportunity, whether to transmit the data or to continue the sensing the channel to a next transmit opportunity without reset- ting the counter value to the starting value.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods and software are provided. The first apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program codes; the at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the device at least to transmit a transport block of a HARQ process on preconfigured resources for an uplink transmission to a second apparatus while starting a first timer and a second timer for the HARQ process. The first timer indicates a time period during which the transport block is able to be retransmitted, and wherein the second timer is configured to expire before the first timer; monitor a response associated with the transport block from the second apparatus; and in response to the second timer expiring before receiving the response and before expiry of the first timer, retransmit the transport block while restarting the second timer.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for determining channel access for uplink transmissions. An example method (200) may include determining (210) a duration of a gap between an uplink transmission of a first apparatus and a downlink transmission of a second apparatus before the uplink transmission and in a channel occupancy time of the second apparatus in a case where the uplink transmission falls within the channel occupancy time, and determining (220) at least one of a channel access type and a cyclic prefix extension for the uplink transmission according to the duration of the gap. Related apparatuses and computer readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for performing an operation related to a listen-before-talk (LBT) process for a transmission. In an aspect, an apparatus determines a duration of a gap between an end point of a first transmission to be transmitted by a further apparatus and a start point of a cyclic prefix extension prior to a second transmission to be transmitted by the apparatus. The apparatus performs an operation related to an LBT process for the second transmission based on comparisons between the duration of the gap and a plurality of threshold durations associated with a plurality of types of LBT processes. Example embodiments of the present disclosure can increase or even maximize the likelihood of the success of LBT processes.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and software of directly connecting a SIM-less device with a cellular network. In one embodiment, User Equipment (UE) includes a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) provisioned with a plurality of subscription profiles for subscriptions to the cellular network. The UE establishes a direct communication with a SIM-less device that does not have a subscription with the cellular network. The UE selects one of the subscriptions provisioned in the SIM as a temporary subscription assigned to the SIM-less device to allow the SIM-less device to establish a direct connection with the cellular network using the temporary subscription, and transmits a message to the SIM-less device via the direct communication containing subscription credentials for the temporary subscription. The SIM-less device may therefore register with the cellular network using the subscription credentials provided by the UE, and establish a direct connection with the cellular network using the temporary subscription.

Abstract: A method comprising determining that interference may occur in a wireless network an apparatus is connected to, obtaining a first link that is of a first type, obtaining a second link that is of a second type, determining data to be transmitted from the apparatus to another apparatus connected to the wireless network, determining that a transmission occurs in the first link and transmitting the data in the second link, wherein the transmission in the first link has a longer duration than transmitting the data in the second link and the transmission in the first link and transmitting the data in the second link overlap in time.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for a signaling procedure. An example method may include transmitting a first portion of a signaling message in a first sub-band and transmitting a second portion of the signaling message in a second sub-band, the second portion including an indication to the first portion transmitted in the first sub-band. Related apparatuses and computer readable medium are also disclosed.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided a terminal device configured to perform the following. Initially, the terminal device monitors physical downlink control channel, PDCCH, transmissions according to a first set of rules. The first set of rules comprises rules for performing monitoring over at least two beam pair links, each beam pair link corresponding to a control resource set, CORESET, with a different active transmission configuration indication, TCI, state. The terminal device receives, using a first CORESET with a first active TCI state from an access node, an indication for limiting monitoring and consequently limits monitoring of PDCCH transmissions associated with CORESETs having a TCI state other than the first active TCI state for a period of time.

Abstract: A method may include determining, by a user equipment, a beam alignment reference value and a beam alignment test value; and determining, by the user equipment, based on the beam alignment reference value and the beam alignment test value, that a user equipment receive beam used by the user equipment is not aligned with a transmit beam of the base station.

Abstract: There are provided measures for handling of paging messages in communication endpoint to network relaying scenarios.