Abstract: One goal in automated product designing of additive manufacturing is to obtain designs having overhangs without support structures if the criterion for overhangs is rigorously geometrical. In an embodiment of the present invention, designers can request automated optimization and design, using simulation and sensitivity-based optimization, of structures having overhangs in the print direction that do not need any support structures. In an embodiment, a method includes, at a processor, calculating model design responses and model sensitivities of a computer-aided engineering (CAE) model in a CAE system based on design variables of the CAE model for various design responses being either applied in objective or constraints. The method further includes optimizing values of the design variables. The method further includes calculating physical design variables by employing a penalty function. Additionally, the calculations can also be in conjunction with employing material interpolation schemes.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for converting wet synthetic gypsum from a flue desulphurization process (FGD) to easily handled and metered briquettes by mixing a hydraulic additive such as by-pass dust from a cement kiln with synthetic gypsum and allowing the heat from the resulting hydraulic reaction to reduce the water content of the mixture to a formable consistency without adding external heat to the mixture as it is formed into briquettes.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for converting wet synthetic gypsum from a flue desulphurization process (FGD) to easily handled and metered briquettes by mixing a hydraulic additive such as by-pass dust from a cement kiln with synthetic gypsum and allowing the heat from the resulting hydraulic reaction to reduce the water content of the mixture to a formable consistency without adding external heat to the mixture as it is formed into briquettes.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for continuously feeding and burning solid waste derived fuel (SWDF) material in the calciner of a calciner kiln comprising a calciner combustion chamber, a kiln feed for feeding raw kiln material to the calciner combustion chamber, and a waste material feed system for continuously feeding SWDF material at a controlled rate to the calcine combustion chamber for burning. A burner having a burner fuel control for feeding a control fuel to the burner to control the temperature in the calciner combustion chamber. A riser duct is connected between a charge end of the rotary kiln and the calciner. The combustion chamber introduces hot combustion gas generally above the riser duct for mixing with the hot kiln gas flowing through the riser duct at a high velocity for further calcining of the raw kiln materials and burnout of the SWDF material.