Abstract: A device for the measurement of chemical and/or biological samples, in particular by means of luminescence spectroscopy, comprises an irradiation unit, a sample receiver, at least one optical unit and a detector unit. The color marker in the sample, which contains at least one color marker, is stimulated by irradiation into producing luminescence and gives off light. The light emitted by the color markers is detected by detectors in the detector unit. According to the invention, the measurement results may be improved by the irradiation unit generating pulsed irradiation. The irradiation unit is thus preferably controlled by a control unit in such a way that the irradiation pulses impinge on the sample in a temporal sequence.

Abstract: The method is well suited for single molecule observation. A fluorescence or Raman signal from single molecules is detected by photon counting. The sequence of detected photons is divided into counting intervals by defining the end of a counting interval when a predefined number of photons has been counted. For the photons from every counting interval, stochastic variables are determined like fluorescence decay time, anisotropy of the observed signal, etc., which are characteristic for the molecules. A multidimensional histogram is constructed as a function of the stochastic variables, whereby the histogram is built up using values of the variables determined from each counting interval. Regions of the histogram can be used to determine how the molecules are distributed in respect to binding sites, etc. The signal from selected regions of the histograms can then be chosen for further selective analysis to give species specific results.

Abstract: A device for the measurement of chemical and/or biological samples, in particular by means of luminescence spectroscopy, comprises an irradiation unit (12), a sample receiver (10), at least one optical unit (30) and a detector unit (40). Electromagnetic radiation of various wavelength ranges and/or polarizations are led from the sample (10) from the irradiation unit (12). The color marker in the sample (10), which contains at least one color marker, is stimulated into producing luminescence and gives off light. The emitted light is led by means of an optical unit to a detector unit. The light emitted by the color markers is detected by detectors (42, 44, 46, 48) in the detector unit. According to the invention, the measurement results may be improved on the irradiation unit (12) generating a pulsed irradiation. The irradiation unit is thus preferably controlled by a control unit (18) in such a way that the irradiation pulses impinge on the sample (10) in a temporal sequence.

Abstract: The method is well suited for single molecule observation. A fluorescence or Raman signal from single molecules is detected by photon counting. The sequence of detected photons is divided into counting intervals by defining the end of a counting interval when a predefined number of photons has been counted. For the photons from every counting interval, stochastic variables are determined like fluorescence decay time, anisotropy of the observed signal, etc., which are characteristic for the molecules. A multidimensional histogram is constructed as a function of the stochastic variables, whereby the histogram is built up using values of the variables determined from each counting interval. Regions of the histogram can be used to determine how the molecules are distributed in respect to binding sites, etc. The signal from selected regions of the histograms can then be chosen for further selective analysis to give species specific results.

Abstract: A method for differentiating or detecting particles in a sample in which several classes of particles may be present by identifying signal segments of time-resolved, optical raw signals from the sample on the basis of single photon detection (single pulse detection), wherein the sample contains at least two classes of particles; the sample is illuminated by a light source; the optical raw signals emitted by the sample, which are derived from at least one measuring volume element V, V≦10−12 l, are detected with at least one detector unit; at least one particle generates a signal fraction during its residence in the measuring in the measuring volume element; a signal segment of the optical raw signals is determined by the particle's actively and/or passively entering and then leaving again the measuring volume element; the optical raw signals are segmented into arbitrary segments; at least one set of statistical data based on the optical raw signals is established for at least one arbitrarily chos

Abstract: A method and device are disclosed for expanding the field of application of florescent correlation spectroscopy. The device has a confocal optical structure, a pulsed laser for excitation and components for detection and evaluation of measuring signals for time-correlated single photon counting. The data is registered in such a way that for each detected photon, detection time is recorded in microseconds while fluorescence delay time is recorded in nanoseconds. The information on each detected photon is used to assign parameters determined by time-correlated single photon counting to each detected photon and to create correlation functions from the determined parameters arising therefrom. Correlation functions of parameters or selective correlation functions, e.g. for fluorescence burning life, are thus obtained.

Abstract: A method for the enzymatic sequencing of DNA is disclosed which uses dideoxythio-nucleotides or dideoxyamino-nucleotides as terminators that are labeled with one or two fluorescent dyes coupled to the terminators either before or after polymerization. The dye labeled DNA fragments are separated in a single lane of a separation system and then the terminal bases of each of the fragments are identified by measuring the fluorescent lifetime of the dye attached to the terminators.