Abstract: A system (1) performs a transcutaneous photodynamic therapy (PDT) in an organ (3)/organ segment of an organic body (5) and includes light applicators (9), alight applicators light/power supply unit, a light applicators placement template (39) for a defined orientation, positioning and fixing, and a support point element (100). The light applicators have an insertion section (15) for transcutaneous piercing along a piercing axis (E) into the organ/organ segment, a light-emitting applicator tip (19) at the distal end (13) of the insertion section and a defined fixing point (43) at a proximal distance d from the light-emitting applicator tip. The distance d is identical for each of the individual light applicators. The support point element defines a positionable support point (93), coaxial with the piercing axis, for laterally supporting the respective light applicator. A distal distance f of the support point from the placement template is adjustable.

Abstract: A medical-endoscopic instrument includes a distal elongate insertion section (1), for the minimal-invasive introduction into a human or animal body, with a first LED (5), a second LED (7) and a picture sensor (9). The first LED includes a first light spectrum (19), suitable for fluorescence endoscopy. The second LED includes a second light spectrum (21), suitable for white light endoscopy. A light filter (23), arranged in front of the second LED in the viewing direction (x), has a transmission spectrum (25). The second LED is configured to irradiate according to the second light spectrum on average more intensively in a first wavelength region (K) than in a second wavelength region (L). The light filter is configured to let through light, which is emitted by the second LED, according to the transmission spectrum, on average less in the second wavelength region than in the first wavelength region.

Abstract: A medical endoscopic instrument includes a distal elongated insertion section (1) for minimally invasive insertion into a human or animal body, with at least one LED (5) arranged in a distal end section of the insertion section (1), and a lens system (19) arranged distally of the LED (5) with an optical axis (x). The lens system (19) includes a first lens (29) and a second lens (31) arranged distally of the first lens (29). The second lens (31) has a proximally extending sleeve extension (35). The sleeve extension (35) has a first reference surface for positioning the second lens (31) in relation to the insertion section (1) and a second reference surface (39) for positioning the first lens (29) in relation to the second lens (31).

Abstract: A system, for transcutaneous photodynamic therapy in an organ or organ segment of an organic body, includes a plurality of light applicators (9), a supply unit (23) and a placement template (39) placeable relative to the organic body for defined orientation of the light applicators. The light applicators include a needle-shaped insertion portion (15) for transcutaneous piercing along a piercing axis (E), a light-emitting applicator tip (19) at the distal end (13) of the insertion portion, and a fixing point (43) at a proximal distance d from the applicator tip. The placement template defines a plurality of fixing point receptacles (51) for fixing the light applicators with a defined fixing point and includes a first and second template parts (71, 75) defining first and second subsets (73, 77) of fixing point receptacles. The first template part is guidingly displaceable relative to the second template part along the piercing axis.

Abstract: A system, for transcutaneous photodynamic therapy in an organ or organ segment of an organic body, includes a plurality of light applicators, a supply unit and a placement template placeable relative to the organic body for defined orientation of the light applicators. The light applicators include a needle-shaped insertion portion for transcutaneous piercing along a piercing axis, a light-emitting applicator tip at the distal end of the insertion portion, and a fixing point at a proximal distance from the applicator tip. The placement template defines fixing point receptacles for fixing the light applicators with a defined fixing point wherein the receptacles are arranged in accordance with a three-dimensional fixing point grid structure, that corresponds to a virtual organ-specific target point grid structure for the light-emitting applicator tips in the organ that is arranged parallel-displaced relative to the target point grid structure by the distance d along the piercing axis.

Abstract: A light applicator (1) executes a transcutaneous photodynamic therapy (PDT), in tissue (25) of an organic body (23) and includes a needle section (5), extending longitudinally along an insertion axis (L), and at least one light-emitting element (7) at the distal end (3) of the needle section (5). An at least partially light-transparent applicator tip (9) extends at least distally from the at least one light-emitting element (7), for insertion of the needle section (5) into the tissue (25) of the organic body (23) along the insertion axis (L). A handgrip element (19) is arranged proximally with respect to the needle section (5) for manual positioning of the light applicator (1). The handgrip element (19) can be coupled to the needle section (5) for positioning and/or insertion, and is configured to be detachable from the needle section (5) for the execution of the PDT.

Abstract: A light applicator (5) for examining and/or treating an organic body includes a minimal-invasive, rigid, semi-flexible or flexible insertion section (11) which extends along a longitudinal direction (L) and at its distal end includes an LED (19). The light applicator (5) includes a first electrical lead (61a) for the supply of electricity to the LED (19). The lead extends in the insertion section (11) in the longitudinal direction (L) and there has a cross-sectional area of at least 70% of the cross-sectional area of the light applicator (5). The light applicator (5) in the insertion section (11) is thermally insulated in the radial direction in a manner such that the radial thermal insulation reduces proximally.

Abstract: A medical-endoscopic instrument includes a distal elongate insertion section (1), for the minimal-invasive introduction into a human or animal body, with a first LED (5), a second LED (7) and a picture sensor (9). The first LED includes a first light spectrum (19), suitable for fluorescence endoscopy. The second LED includes a second light spectrum (21), suitable for white light endoscopy. A light filter (23), arranged in front of the second LED in the viewing direction (x), has a transmission spectrum (25). The second LED is configured to irradiate according to the second light spectrum on average more intensively in a first wavelength region (K) than in a second wavelength region (L). The light filter is configured to let through light, which is emitted by the second LED, according to the transmission spectrum, on average less in the second wavelength region than in the first wavelength region.

Abstract: A LED illumination module has at least one LED (6). At a proximal side there is a first electric connection contact (8) and at an axially oppositely directed distal side there is a second electrical connection contact (10) as well as a radiation region emitting radiation. The LED (6), at the second electrical connection contact (10), is contacted via an electrically conductive sleeve (14) which, distanced to the proximal end, is electrically conductively connected to the second connection contact (10) of the LED (6).

Abstract: A railway safety critical application system substitutes commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and/or software for railway-domain specific product components yet is validated to conform to railway safety critical system failure-free standards. The safety critical system uses a pair of tasks executed on a controller of a COTS personal computer or within a virtual environment with asymmetric communications capability. Both tasks receive and verify safety critical systems input message data and security code integrity and separately generate output data responsive to the input message. The first task has sole capability to send complete safety critical system output messages, but only the second task has the capability of generating the output security code. A failure of any of systems hardware, software or processing capability results failure to transmit a safety critical system output message or an output message that cannot be verified by other safety critical systems.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for determining a height of a fluid surface in a fluid container. In some embodiments, the device comprises: a first sound transducer and a second sound transducer for transmitting and receiving sound signals; a reference element disposed at a predetermined distance from the second sound transducer in a fluid space of the fluid container; a deflection element in the fluid space to deflect sound signals by a predetermined angle in the direction of the reference element; and a control unit. The two sound transducers are adjacent a base portion of the fluid container and aligned similarly. The control unit is configured to establish a speed of sound within a fluid in the fluid space based at least in part on travel of the second sound signals and thereby to establish the height of the fluid surface over the base portion of the fluid container dependent on the first sound signals and the speed of sound within the fluid.

Abstract: An illumination device is provided with an LED (2) as a light source and with a fiber-optic (6) for leading further the light which is emitted by the LED (2). A light transmission part (10) is arranged between the LED (2) and the fiber-optic (6). This light transmission part (10) includes two sections (14, 16), of which a first section (14) directly faces the LED (2) and includes a cross section which widens with an increasing distance to the LED (2) as well includes a lateral surface (22) which in an angularly independent manner reflects the radiation which enters into the first section (14) and a second section (16) directly faces the fiber optic (6) and includes at least one lateral surface (24) which in an angularly dependent manner reflects radiation which enters from the first section (14) into the second section (16).

Abstract: A railway safety critical application system substitutes commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and/or software for railway-domain specific product components yet is validated to conform to railway safety critical system failure-free standards. The safety critical system uses a pair of tasks executed on a controller of a COTS personal computer or within a virtual environment with asymmetric communications capability. Both tasks receive and verify safety critical systems input message data and security code integrity and separately generate output data responsive to the input message. The first task has sole capability to send complete safety critical system output messages, but only the second task has the capability of generating the output security code. A failure of any of systems hardware, software or processing capability results failure to transmit a safety critical system output message or an output message that cannot be verified by other safety critical systems.

Abstract: A railway safety critical application system substitutes commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and/or software for railway-domain specific product components, yet is validated to conform to railway safety critical system failure-free standards. The safety critical system uses a pair of tasks executed on a controller of a COTS personal computer or within a virtual environment with asymmetric communications capability. Both tasks receive and verify safety critical systems input message data and security code integrity and separately generate output data responsive to the input message. The first task has sole capability to send complete safety critical system output messages, but only the second task has the capability of generating the output security code. A failure of any of systems hardware, software or processing capability results failure to transmit a safety critical system output message or an output message that cannot be verified by other safety critical systems.

Abstract: An illumination device is provided with an LED (2) as a light source and with a fiber-optic (6) for leading further the light which is emitted by the LED (2). A light transmission part (10) is arranged between the LED (2) and the fiber-optic (6). This light transmission part (10) includes two sections (14, 16), of which a first section (14) directly faces the LED (2) and includes a cross section which widens with an increasing distance to the LED (2) as well includes a lateral surface (22) which in an angularly independent manner reflects the radiation which enters into the first section (14) and a second section (16) directly faces the fiber optic (6) and includes at least one lateral surface (24) which in an angularly dependent manner reflects radiation which enters from the first section (14) into the second section (16).

Abstract: An endoscopic instrument is provided with an LED illumination module having at least one LED arranged at the distal end of the instrument and having an electrical connection lead attached to this LED. The connection lead is a coaxial cable, which extends from the distal end to the proximal end of the instrument, and is designed for leading away the waste heat produced by the LED. At least one electrical conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the LED in a heat-conducting manner.

Abstract: A railway safety critical application system substitutes commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and/or software for railway-domain specific product components, yet is validated to conform to railway safety critical system failure-free standards. The safety critical system uses a pair of tasks executed on a controller of a COTS personal computer or within a virtual environment with asymmetric communications capability. Both tasks receive and verify safety critical systems input message data and security code integrity and separately generate output data responsive to the input message. The first task has sole capability to send complete safety critical system output messages, but only the second task has the capability of generating the output security code. A failure of any of systems hardware, software or processing capability results failure to transmit a safety critical system output message or an output message that cannot be verified by other safety critical systems.

Abstract: A railway safety critical application system substitutes commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and/or software for railway-domain specific product components, yet is validated to conform to railway safety critical system failure-free standards. The safety critical system uses a pair of tasks executed on a controller of a COTS personal computer or within a virtual environment with asymmetric communications capability. Both tasks receive and verify safety critical systems input message data and security code integrity and separately generate output data responsive to the input message. The first task has sole capability to send complete safety critical system output messages, but only the second task has the capability of generating the output security code. A failure of any of systems hardware, software or processing capability results failure to transmit a safety critical system output message or an output message that cannot be verified by other safety critical systems.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to sensors, and the teaching may be applied to a device for determining a speed of a sound signal in a fluid in a fluid container. A device may include: a sound transducer for transmitting and receiving sound; a first reflector element and a second reflector element integrally formed in a reference element to reflect sound generated by the sound transducer back to the sound transducer; and a control unit operating to: ascertain a first signal runtime related to a first reflection of the sound signal from the first reflector element; a second signal runtime related to of a second reflection of the sound signal from the second reflector element; and calculate the speed as a function of the two.

Abstract: A railway safety critical application system substitutes commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and/or software for railway-domain specific product components, yet is validated to conform to railway safety critical system failure-free standards. The safety critical system uses a pair of tasks executed on a controller of a COTS personal computer or within a virtual environment with asymmetric communications capability. Both tasks receive and verify safety critical systems input message data and security code integrity and separately generate output data responsive to the input message. The first task has sole capability to send complete safety critical system output messages, but only the second task has the capability of generating the output security code. A failure of any of systems hardware, software or processing capability results failure to transmit a safety critical system output message or an output message that cannot be verified by other safety critical systems.