Abstract: A synthetic acid composition for use in oil industry activities, said composition comprising: urea and hydrogen chloride in a molar ratio of not less than 0.1:1 and formic acid or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A synthetic acid composition for replacement of hydrochloric acid in industrial activities requiring large amounts of hydrochloric acid, said composition comprising: urea and hydrogen chloride in a molar ratio of not less than 0.1:1; a metal iodide or iodate; an alcohol or derivative thereof. Optionally, formic acid or a derivative thereof; propylene glycol or a derivative thereof, ethylene glycol glycerol or a mixture thereof; cinnamaldehyde or a derivative thereof; and a phosphonic acid derivative can be added to the composition.

Abstract: A synthetic acid composition for use in oil industry activities, said composition comprising: urea and hydrogen chloride in a molar ratio of not less than 0.1:1; a metal iodide or iodate; an alcohol or derivative thereof. Optionally, formic acid or a derivative thereof; propylene glycol or a derivative thereof, ethylene glycol glycerol or a mixture thereof; cinnamaldehyde or a derivative thereof; and a phosphonic acid derivative can be added to the composition.

Abstract: An organic acid composition for use in oil industry activities, said composition comprising: methane sulphonic acid; a metal iodide or iodate; and an alcohol or derivative thereof. The uses include: injection/disposal in wells; squeezes and soaks or bullheads; acid fracturing; acid washes or matrix stimulations; fracturing spearheads (breakdowns); pipeline scale treatments; cement breakdowns or perforation cleaning; pH control; and de-scaling applications.

Abstract: A synthetic acid composition for use in oil industry activities, said composition comprising: urea and methanesulphonic acid in a molar ratio of not less than 0.1:1; a metal iodide or iodate; an alcohol or derivative thereof.

Abstract: An improved heating system for providing a faster and more efficient method of cooking or heating the contents of a container such as cookware where the container or cookware is placed on a heating surface such as a burner or stove, which includes a skirt for surrounding the exterior of a container for defining a heat capture and insulating region between the skirt and the exterior of the container for trapping heat from the heating surface in the insulating region and for reducing heat transference from the exterior walls of the container to the atmosphere. In another embodiment, the present system includes a container having an integrated skirt for defining an insulating region between the skirt and the exterior of the container for trapping heat from the heating surface in the insulating region and for reducing heat transference from the exterior walls of the container to the atmosphere.