Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for detecting particles emitted by nuclear material. The systems comprise one or more semiconductor devices for detecting particles emitted from nuclear material. The semiconductor devices can comprise a charge storage element comprising several layers. A non-conductive charge storage layer enveloped on top and bottom by dielectric layers is mounted on a substrate. At least one top semiconductor layer can be placed on top of the top dielectric layer. A reactive material that reacts to particles, such as neutrons emitted from nuclear material, can be incorporated into the top semiconductor layer. When the reactive material reacts to a particle emitted from nuclear material, ions are generated that can alter the charge storage layer and enable detection of the particle.