Abstract: A method of measuring objects that are conveyed in a conveying direction comprises the steps that (i) a first object edge of a conveyed object is detected at a first measurement position by means of a first optoelectronic sensor, (ii) the first object edge or a second object edge of the object is detected at a second measurement position, which is spaced apart from the first measurement position in the conveying direction, by means of a second optoelectronic sensor that is spatially resolving at least in the conveying direction, (iii) a time difference between the detection of the first object edge at the first measurement position and the detection of the object edge detected in step (ii) at the second measurement position is determined, (iv) a transit time is determined in which the object edge detected in step (ii) moves through a predetermined measurement path, (v) the object speed is determined based on the transit time and a length of the measurement path, and (vi) the length of the object is determine

Abstract: In one embodiment, a circuit includes a measuring circuit coupled to an accumulator cell. A first output of the measuring circuit outputs a current signal based on a cell voltage of the accumulator cell. The circuit includes an interface circuit coupled to the first output of the measuring circuit and a second output of a level-shifter circuit configured to change a voltage level on the first output at the interface circuit. The level-shifter circuit includes a first input coupled to the first output and one or more transistors coupled in series with one or more gate terminals that are each coupled to each of one or more terminals of the accumulator cell.

Abstract: A method for determining a subgroup of a group of sheets in a sheet stream starting from a group start of the group comprises determining the subgroup end of the subgroup based on a sheet state parameter. The subgroup is determined by the group start and the subgroup end and comprises a variable number of sheets. The sheet state parameter determines which sheet in the sheet stream is a group end of the group of sheets.

Abstract: A method for determining a subgroup of a group of sheets in a sheet stream starting from a group start of the group comprises determining the subgroup end of the subgroup based on a sheet state parameter. The subgroup is determined by the group start and the subgroup end and comprises a variable number of sheets. The sheet state parameter determines which sheet in the sheet stream is a group end of the group of sheets.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a circuit includes a measuring circuit coupled to an accumulator cell. A first output of the measuring circuit outputs a current signal based on a cell voltage of the accumulator cell. The circuit includes an interface circuit coupled to the first output of the measuring circuit and a second output of a level-shifter circuit configured to change a voltage level on the first output at the interface circuit. The level-shifter circuit includes a first input coupled to the first output and one or more transistors coupled in series with one or more gate terminals that are each coupled to each of one or more terminals of the accumulator cell.

Abstract: A receiver is synchronized with a first clock frequency or signal of a transmitter for the proper reception of transmitted and received signals, such as data carrying signals (DS). The first clock frequency is for example a carrier frequency. A local oscillator generates a second clock frequency or signal in the receiver. Cycles or impulses of the second clock signal are counted between predetermined flanks of the received signal (DS) to provide a count (N). Based on the second clock signal and the count (N) a first ratio (TV) is provided that represents a first ratio between the first clock frequency or signal and the second clock frequency or signal. The first ratio is compared with a predetermined or given second ratio (TV) to provide a comparing result. The predetermined second ratio is then updated in response to the comparing result to provide an updated ratio (TV?). The present circuit is constructed to perform these steps.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is disclosed having at least one digital input, which has a first circuit section that has a current-voltage characteristic and that in the absence of an input signal holds a voltage at the input at a defined value, and having a second circuit section that provides a signal that is internal to the circuit and whose state does not directly show itself at an output of the circuit. The first circuit section has a control input for a control signal and is designed to change its current-voltage characteristic when the control signal is present at the control input. In addition, a method for testing such a circuit is disclosed.

Abstract: A constant voltage source is disclosed having an output current control element, which adjusts an output voltage of the constant voltage source by varying its output current, a control circuit, which acquires a measure for an actual value of the output voltage and processes it to a control signal for the control of the output current control element, and a limiting circuit, which limits the output current to a predefined maximum value by action on the control signal, whereby the limitation is independent of an actual value of the output current.

Abstract: A constant voltage source is disclosed having an output current control element, which adjusts an output voltage of the constant voltage source by varying its output current, a control circuit, which acquires a measure for an actual value of the output voltage and processes it to a control signal for the control of the output current control element, and a limiting circuit, which limits the output current to a predefined maximum value by action on the control signal, whereby the limitation is independent of an actual value of the output current.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is disclosed having at least one digital input, which has a first circuit section that has a current-voltage characteristic and that in the absence of an input signal holds a voltage at the input at a defined value, and having a second circuit section that provides a signal that is internal to the circuit and whose state does not directly show itself at an output of the circuit. The first circuit section has a control input for a control signal and is designed to change its current-voltage characteristic when the control signal is present at the control input. In addition, a method for testing such a circuit is disclosed.

Abstract: A receiver is synchronized with a first clock frequency or signal of a transmitter for the proper reception of transmitted and received signals, such as data carrying signals (DS). The first clock frequency is for example a carrier frequency. A local oscillator generates a second clock frequency or signal in the receiver. Cycles or impulses of the second clock signal are counted between predetermined flanks of the received signal (DS) to provide a count (N). Based on the second clock signal and the count (N) a first ratio (TV) is provided that represents a first ratio between the first clock frequency or signal and the second clock frequency or signal. The first ratio is compared with a predetermined or given second ratio (TV) to provide a comparing result. The predetermined second ratio is then updated in response to the comparing result to provide an updated ratio (TV?). The present circuit is constructed to perform these steps.