Abstract: A method of obtaining geological specimens is disclosed along with methods of producing a geological or geochemical map and apparatus for accomplishing the method. A fixed wing or other airborne vehicle, such as a light plane or a helicopter, is operated at relatively low absolute altitude over a region of the surface of the earth from which specimens are to be obtained. A sampling device is extended from the vehicle and caused to contact the surface of the earth while the vehicle is maintained airborne. The sampling device is then returned to the vehicle and the sample thus obtained is removed therefrom and the operation is repeated at various selected points in the region. The apparatus includes various sampling devices including tubular bodies having stabilizing fins or the like to direct the bodies at the surface of the earth in a desired manner.