Abstract: An automated total organic carbon analyzer is described. Embodiments of the system include two features, namely the development of a selective oxidation reactor to oxidize organic contaminants to their corresponding organic acids, and the measurement of the organic acids individually by chain length using an electroanalytical detector. Combining this electroanalytical approach with sequential detection capabilities (such as spectrophotometry) can expand the instrument capabilities by providing organic contaminant speciation. The described reactor performs selective oxidation of organic carbon to organic acids followed by complexation with a proprietary ligand, then selective detection using electroanalytical accumulation and desorption of organic acids performed at an electrode surface.

Abstract: A system and method for delivering silver ion biocide is described herein. The systems described relate to passing water from a water system through a silver ion release module and optional high-concentration silver ion release module. The system includes an analyzer, detector, and/or controller for monitoring the concentration of silver ion and adjusting the flow path, flow rate, temperature and/or pH of the water in order to obtain the desired concentration of silver ion. The system optionally includes other metal ions released into a water system, the concentration of which may be used to automatically calibrate the described system and/or cause the system to take actions based on the measured concentration of silver ion or of the second metal ion.

Abstract: Systems and methods for delivering silver ion biocide are described herein. The systems described relate to passing water from a water system through a silver ion release module and optional high-concentration silver ion release module. The system includes an analyzer, detector, and/or controller for monitoring the concentration of silver ion and adjusting the flow path, flow rate, temperature and/or pH of the water in order to obtain the desired concentration of silver ion. The system optionally includes other metal ions released into a water system, the concentration of which may be used to automatically calibrate the described system and/or cause the system to take actions based on the measured concentration of silver ion or of the second metal ion. The system comprises a material that may be advantageous for silver ions in the systems.

Abstract: An automated total organic carbon analyzer is described. Embodiments of the system include two features, namely the development of a selective oxidation reactor to oxidize organic contaminants to their corresponding organic acids, and the measurement of the organic acids individually by chain length using an electroanalytical detector. Combining this electroanalytical approach with sequential detection capabilities (such as spectrophotometry) can expand the instrument capabilities by providing organic contaminant speciation. The described reactor performs selective oxidation of organic carbon to organic acids followed by complexation with a proprietary ligand, then selective detection using electroanalytical accumulation and desorption of organic acids performed at an electrode surface.

Abstract: An automated total organic carbon analyzer is described. Embodiments of the system include two features, namely the development of a selective oxidation reactor to oxidize organic contaminants to their corresponding organic acids, and the measurement of the organic acids individually by chain length using an electroanalytical detector. Combining this electroanalytical approach with sequential detection capabilities (such as spectrophotometry) can expand the instrument capabilities by providing organic contaminant speciation. The described reactor performs selective oxidation of organic carbon to organic acids followed by complexation with a proprietary ligand, then selective detection using electroanalytical accumulation and desorption of organic acids performed at an electrode surface.

Abstract: A system and method for delivering silver ion biocide is described herein. The systems described relate to passing water from a water system through a silver ion release module and optional high-concentration silver ion release module. The system includes an analyzer, detector, and/or controller for monitoring the concentration of silver ion and adjusting the flow path, flow rate, temperature and/or pH of the water in order to obtain the desired concentration of silver ion. The system optionally includes other metal ions released into a water system, the concentration of which may be used to automatically calibrate the described system and/or cause the system to take actions based on the measured concentration of silver ion or of the second metal ion.

Abstract: A system and method for delivering silver ion biocide is described herein. The systems described relate to passing water from a water system through a silver ion release module and optional high-concentration silver ion release module. The system includes an analyzer, detector, and/or controller for monitoring the concentration of silver ion and adjusting the flow path, flow rate, temperature and/or pH of the water in order to obtain the desired concentration of silver ion. The system optionally includes other metal ions released into a water system, the concentration of which may be used to automatically calibrate the described system and/or cause the system to take actions based on the measured concentration of silver ion or of the second metal ion.

Abstract: An automated total organic carbon analyzer is described. Embodiments of the system include two features, namely the development of a selective oxidation reactor to oxidize organic contaminants to their corresponding organic acids, and the measurement of the organic acids individually by chain length using an electroanalytical detector. Combining this electroanalytical approach with sequential detection capabilities (such as spectrophotometry) can expand the instrument capabilities by providing organic contaminant speciation. The described reactor performs selective oxidation of organic carbon to organic acids followed by complexation with a proprietary ligand, then selective detection using electroanalytical accumulation and desorption of organic acids performed at an electrode surface.

Abstract: A system and method for delivering silver ion biocide is described herein. The systems described relate to passing water from a water system through a silver ion release module and optional high-concentration silver ion release module. The system includes an analyzer, detector, and/or controller for monitoring the concentration of silver ion and adjusting the flow path, flow rate, temperature and/or pH of the water in order to obtain the desired concentration of silver ion. The system optionally includes other metal ions released into a water system, the concentration of which may be used to automatically calibrate the described system and/or cause the system to take actions based on the measured concentration of silver ion or of the second metal ion.

Abstract: Solid phase ionic calibration standards are disclosed that comprise sparingly and selectively soluble solids. The calibration standards are especially useful in calibration pH electrodes used to monitor weak ionic strength solutions, and permit rapid pH electrode recovery times.

Abstract: There are essentially three aspects to the present invention. In a first aspect, there is provided solid-phase calibration materials for selectively imparting predetermined inorganic or organic carbon levels to a fluid stream by dissolution, comprising solids that are sparingly and selectively soluble in the fluid stream. In a second aspect, the same materials may be used as standards for calibrating an on-line or off-line carbon analyzer at predetermined TIC and TOC levels in a fluid stream. In a third aspect, there is provided a calibration system that utilizes the standards to impart predetermined levels of selected TIC and TOC levels in a fluid sample stream. In one form of the invention, a process is provided for automatically calibrating analytical instrumentation with respect to total organic carbon and total inorganic carbon.

Abstract: A reagentless separator for removal of hydrolyzed species such as bicarbonate or carbonate to free or dissolved acid gases from a solution comprises a flow-through solid-phase acid bed through which the solution is passed for decreasing the pH of the solution and thus converting the hydrolyzed species into a free or dissolved acid gases. The converted hydrolyzed species is then separated from the solution by a gas permeable membrane degasser having an acid gas permeable membrane across which a partial pressure gradient is established. The solution may be an aqueous solution containing CO.sub.2 or any other hydrolyzed gas. The dissolved acid gas separator will be especially useful on space craft missions where water must be recycled.

Abstract: A method of the present invention is provided for removing low molecular weight contaminants from a contaminant-containing material. This contaminant-containing material can include alcohol compounds, aldehyde compounds and peroxide compounds. The method comprises providing an alcohol oxidase enzyme-based catalyst system including coimmobilized transition metals comprising platinum and copper for catalytically oxidizing the contaminant-containing material. Then, the contaminant-containing material is catalytically oxidized in the presence of the alcohol oxidase enzyme-based catalyst system to form organic acid compounds. The organic acid compounds can then be removed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for maintaining continuous, long-term microbial control in the water supply for potable, hygiene, and experimental water for space activities, i.e., space shuttle, orbiter lab, Lunar base, Mars base, deep space missions, etc., as well as treatment of water supplies on earth. The water purification is accomplished by introduction of molecular iodine into the water supply to impart a desired iodine residual. The water is passed through an iodinated anion exchange resin bed. The iodine is bound as I.sup.-.sub.n at the anion exchange sites and releases I.sub.2 into the water stream flowing through the bed. Suitable anion exchange resins are Amberlite IRA 401S (Rohm & Haas); Dowex SBR (Dow Chemical); and Ionac ASB-1P (Sybron Corp.). The concentration of I.sub.2 in the flowing water gradually decreases and the ion-exchange bed has had to be replaced.