Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus wherein an existing valve in a pipeline for carrying fluids such as water e.g. in a water distribution system can be connected, permanently or temporarily, to an electronics unit such that when the electronics unit is connected, the flow direction and flow rate of the water can be determined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liner comprising a flexible material (1) with means adapted to increase the surface area thereof, and adhesive/sealant (2) and a release tape (3) with reinforcing strips (4). An example of a means of adapting the surface, whereby strips of adhesive/sealant (5) are applied to the release tape and then the flexible material (1) applied and compacted to form the profile. The liner is then formed into a tube. It may be folded into a cruciform shape. An end elevational view of a folded liner in a pipe (6) prior to application of the pipe.