Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing and/or minimizing the formation of ice dams and icicles on a roof of a building having an unheated attic under said roof, which involves the steps of: (1) determining if there is an accumulation of snow on the roof, (2) determining ambient outdoor air temperature, (3) determining the temperature of air in the attic and (4) if there is an accumulation of snow on the roof and if the ambient outdoor air temperature is at or below freezing and if the attic air temperature is sufficient to cause melting of the snow on the roof, exhausting air from the attic.

Abstract: A method of minimizing adherence of living marine organisms on exposed surfaces of a component submerged in a fluid medium containing such organisms is provided. The method simultaneously minimizes danger to higher forms of animal life present in the fluid medium. The method includes determining the component to be protected and its size and shape. In addition, the material such component is manufactured from is determined. At least one electrode is positioned adjacent an exposed surface of the component to be protected. A system to create a current flow path is provided by positioning a second electrode spaced from the other electrode also adjacent the exposed surface of the component when it is determined that the material the component is manufactured from is non conductive. On the other hand, when the component is manufactured from a material capable of conducting a current therethrough it may be used as one of the electrodes. A voltage is applied to the system to create a current flow path.

Abstract: A method and material for the manufacturing or retrofitting of fluid transport systems. The material chosen for the lining, or the pipe itself, will be selected based on physical properties such as a high impact strength and a low coefficient of friction. The low coefficient of friction will be essential to prevent the initial adhesion of foreign substances to the inner surface of pipes. In particular, an improved pipe composite will be useful in the lining or construction of water intake pipes where there is a well-recognized problem of the buildup of foreign substances including algae and other marine microorganisms. Therefore, by preventing buildup, the present invention will provide a more economical and efficient method to maintain the overall piping system.

Abstract: A method and material for the manufacturing or retrofitting of fluid transport systems. The material chosen for the lining, or the pipe itself, will be selected based on physical properties such as a high impact strength and a low coefficient of friction. The low coefficient of friction will be essential to prevent the initial adhesion of foreign substances to the inner surface of pipes. In particular, an improved pipe composite will be useful in the lining or construction of water intake pipes where there is a well-recognized problem of the buildup of foreign substances including algae and other marine microorganisms. Therefore, by preventing buildup, the present invention will provide a more economical and efficient method to maintain the overall piping system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition of matter and methods of using such composition which will substantially minimize the detrimental adherence to and buildup of living marine organisms on exposed surface areas of underwater structures. Such composition of matter includes a mixture of cement, sand and an anti-fouling agent. According to the methods disclosed the composition of matter can be used to line or coat surface areas of existing underwater structures or to manufacture an underwater structure totally with such composition of matter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a and methods of using such composition which will substantially minimize the detrimental adherence to and buildup of living marine organisms on exposed surface areas of underwater structures. Such composition of matter includes a mixture of cement, sand and an anti-fouling agent. According to the methods disclosed the composition of matter can be used to line or coat surface areas of existing underwater structures or to manufacture an underwater structure totally with such composition of matter.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of preventing detrimental adherence to and buildup of living marine organisms on exposed surface areas of a preselected component which is subjected to contact with a fluid medium that contains certain marine organisms. The methodology comprises the steps of preparing that portion of the component's exposed surface which contacts the fluid medium in a manner which will enable the adherence of a preselected anti-fouling agent to at least a portion of that exposed surface. After preparation, the preselected anti-fouling agent is applied.

Abstract: A scaffold bracket is disclosed comprising a vertical beam of channel cross-section, a horizontal beam pivoted at its proximate end to a point between the ends of the vertical beam and adapted to nest within its channel cross-section, an angle bracket having a first and second end, the first end being connected to the proximate end of the vertical beam and the second end being connected to the middle of the horizontal beam whereby the horizontal beam is rigidly supported in a position substantially at right angles to the vertical beam, the vertical beam further having a hanger secured to its distal end, the hanger being adapted to engage a generally horizontal portion of a wall whereby the horizontal beam may be utilized to help support a scaffold along the wall.