Abstract: Method of operating an internal combustion engine, including, at least, compressing and cooling air outside an engine chamber, supplying cooled, pressurized air to an intake port associated with the chamber, and, during each engine cycle: opening the intake port, allowing cooled, pressurized air to flow through the intake port and into the chamber during at least a portion of the intake stroke; maintaining open the intake port during the portion of the intake stroke and beyond the end of the intake stroke and into the compression stroke and during a majority portion of the compression stroke; closing the intake port at a point during travel of the piston to capture in the chamber a cooled compressed charge of the cooled, pressurized air; controllably delivering fuel into the chamber after the cooled compressed charge is captured within the chamber; and igniting a fuel and air mixture within the chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (ICE) system (including methods and apparatuses) for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the combustion chamber in order to increase fuel economy, power, torque and engine life while minimizing polluting emissions and noxious odors.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing. polluting emissions.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing. polluting emissions.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing. polluting emissions.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing. polluting emissions.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing polluting emissions.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing polluting emissions.

Abstract: Working cycle for internal combustion engines, with methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge density, temperature, pressures and turbulence (among other characteristics). At least one embodiment describes a supercharged internal combustion engine in which a supercharging portion of air is compressed, cooled and injected late in the compression process. A sub-normal compression ratio or low “effective” compression ratio initial air charge is received by a cylinder/compression chamber on the engine intake process, which during compression produces only a fraction of heat-of-compression as that produced by a conventional engine. During compression process, dense, cooled supercharging air charge is injected, adding density and turbulence above that of conventional engines with low “effective” compression ratio for this portion of air charge also. Compression continues and near piston top dead center, the air charge being mixed with fuel is ignited for power pulse followed by scavenging.

Abstract: Working cycle for internal combustion engines, with methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge density, temperature, pressures and turbulence (among other characteristics). At least one embodiment describes a supercharged internal combustion engine in which a supercharging portion of air is compressed, cooled and injected late in the compression process. A sub-normal compression ratio or low “effective” compression ratio initial air charge is received by a combustion chamber on the engine intake process, which during compression produces only a fraction of heat-of-compression as that produced by a conventional engine. During compression process, dense, cooled supercharging air charge is injected, adding density and turbulence above that of conventional engines with low “effective” compression ratio for this portion of air charge also.

Abstract: Working cycle for internal combustion engines, with methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge density, temperature, pressures and turbulence (among other characteristics). At least one embodiment describes a supercharged internal combustion engine in which a supercharging portion of air is compressed, cooled and injected late in the compression process. A sub-normal compression ratio or low “effective” compression ratio initial air charge is received by a combustion chamber on the engine intake process, which during compression produces only a fraction of heat-of-compression as that produced by a conventional engine. During compression process, dense, cooled supercharging air charge is injected, adding density and turbulence above that of conventional engines with low “effective” compression ratio for this portion of air charge also.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing polluting emissions.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing polluting emissions.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in an internal combustion engine and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The method includes the steps of compressing an air charge in a compressor of the engine, transferring the compressed charge to a power chamber of the engine such that no appreciable drop in charge pressure occurs during transfer and admission to the power chamber, causing a predetermined quantity to produce a combustible mixture, causing the mixture to be ignited at substantially maximum pressure within the power chamber and allowing the combustion gas to expand against a piston operable in the power chamber substantially beyond its initial volume.

Abstract: A crash force sensor is disclosed which may be used to activate emergency location systems such as a transmitter or an inflatable aerial tethered balloon. The crash force sensor comprises a casing and a moveable seismic mass held within the casing. A plurality of friction pads and friction plates surround the mass in order to increase friction between the mass and the casing while allowing the mass the slide through said casing when a force of predetermined magnitude and direction is experienced. A pressure responsive means such as a spring extends between the mass and one end of the casing, and signal means is coupled to the mass to provide an indication of the pattern of force experienced by the sensor. The sensor may also include air damping means to impede the reaction of the mass to spring force after crash acceleration or deceleration has ceased.

Abstract: A combination engine with an internal combustion engine section and a vapor engine section in which the heat generated by the internal combustion section is transferred to a liquid coolant circulating therein converting the coolant into vapor which is then superheated by the internal combustion exhaust and used to power the vapor engine section.

Abstract: A distress signal device comprising an inflatable balloon, a tether line with one end attached to the balloon and its other end attached to a casing and a gas cartridge or vial containing water or ammonium halide solution and metal hydride crystals located within the casing. A cartridge actuator apparatus is also provided which comprises a spring loaded pin axially aligned with the end of the glass vial, a line connected to a blunt end of the pin with the other end of the line being looped around an inclined leg of a support member connected to the inner side wall of the casing and a rod. A ball weight is connected by a universal joint to the lower end of the rod, and coil springs are located between the inner casing wall and the ball weight on all sides so that upon an impact of predetermined force the ball weight moves a sufficient distance to release the rod causing the pin to puncture the glass vial to allow mixing of the liquid and crystals to inflate the balloon.

Abstract: A brake system which utilizes a disc movably mounted on a rotating member such as a shaft, wheel hub or an axle, so that the disc may be tilted at an obtuse angle to the rotating member. A caliper forming two or more hydraulic cylinders and holding associated pistons is mounted adjacent the disc with the ends of the pistons being positioned on opposite sides of the disc. Friction pads are secured to the ends of the pistons. A master cylinder communicates with the caliper held cylinders through a fluid circuit. The fluid circuit includes a direct line leading to the master cylinder, a by-pass line leading to the master cylinder and a line leading from the cylinders of one side to the cylinders of the other side. A one way check valve is positioned in the direct line leading to the master cylinder and a shut-off valve is positioned in the by-pass line.

Abstract: A brake system comprising in combination a swash plate mounted on a rotating member such as an axle and a lever system connected to the swash plate and adapted to be driven by the swash plate. A caliper holding a piston is positioned adjacent one of the levers in the lever system so that the piston can selectively frictionally engage the one lever of the lever system to hold the lever in a fixed position thereby stopping the rotary member from rotating.