Abstract: A server and a computer are connected to a network. User data may be used to establish a state between a server and a user operating the computer. Secure network user states includes creating a first key from a received user key; encrypting user data with the cryptographic key; storing the encrypted user data in a cookie; and sending the cookie to the computer; such that subsequently, a secure state between the server and the user is established by receiving the cookie and the user key from the computer; creating a second key that matches the first key; decrypting, using the second key, encrypted user data extracted from the cookie; and establishing the secure state based on the decrypted user data. A key is created in any repeatable manner, which mathematically must include at least one insertion or deletion. Optionally, user data may be seeded to heighten security of the state.

Abstract: A method and system for creating secure Internet user states between one or more servers and one or more users. The invention is carried out by a server receiving over the Internet from a user private data relating to the user and a user key; creating an encryption key from the user key; encrypting the private data with the encryption key; assigning the encrypted private data to the data field of a cookie; and sending the cookie back to the user's computer for storage, so that when the user later requests data from the server or a related server, the cookie is sent back by the user's computer to the server or related server, which extracts the encrypted private data; receives the user key; recreates the encryption key; decrypts the encrypted private data with the encryption key and uses the decrypted private data to establish an Internet state between that server and the user. Optionally, the private data may be seeded by a server prior to encryption and assignment.

Abstract: A server and a computer are connected to a network. User data may be used to establish a state between a server and a user operating the computer. Key-based secure network user states includes encrypting user data with a cryptographic key; embedding, into the encrypted user data, the cryptographic key or reference data associated with the cryptographic key; storing the encrypted user data with embedded key data in a cookie; and sending the cookie to a computer; such that subsequently, a secure state between the server and the user is established by receiving the cookie from the computer; extracting, from the cookie, the encrypted user data and embedded key data; decrypting, using said key data, the encrypted user data; and establishing the secure state between the server and the user based on the decrypted user data. Key data is the cryptographic key or reference data for obtaining the cryptographic key.

Abstract: A server and a computer are connected to a network. User data may be used to establish a state between a server and a user operating the computer. Key-based secure network user states includes encrypting user data with a cryptographic key; embedding, into the encrypted user data, the cryptographic key or reference data associated with the cryptographic key; storing the encrypted user data with embedded key data in a cookie; and sending the cookie to a computer; such that subsequently, a secure state between the server and the user is established by receiving the cookie from the computer; extracting, from the cookie, the encrypted user data and embedded key data; decrypting, using said key data, the encrypted user data; and establishing the secure state between the server and the user based on the decrypted user data. Key data is the cryptographic key or reference data for obtaining the cryptographic key.

Abstract: A server and a computer are connected to a network. User data may be used to establish a state between a server and a user operating the computer. Secure network user states includes creating a first key from a received user key; encrypting user data with the cryptographic key; storing the encrypted user data in a cookie; and sending the cookie to the computer; such that subsequently, a secure state between the server and the user is established by receiving the cookie and the user key from the computer; creating a second key that matches the first key; decrypting, using the second key, encrypted user data extracted from the cookie; and establishing the secure state based on the decrypted user data. A key is created in any repeatable manner, which mathematically must include at least one insertion or deletion. Optionally, user data may be seeded to heighten security of the state.

Abstract: A system and method for increasing participant retention of advertisement information, including one or more advertisements for presentation to one or more participants; associated with each of said one or more advertisements, one or more questions for presentation to said one or more participants, the one or more questions being conclusively answerable based on the information contained in an associated advertisement; and a prize awarded to at least one of said one or more participants. Optionally, the present invention may be embodied in whole or in part in computer-readable media tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by a computer. Also optionally, presenting and submitting may occur in whole or in part over one or more communication networks. Also optionally, a timer may be utilized to measure how fast each of said one or more participants submits answers.

Abstract: The invention provides a brushite coating that is easily convertible to hydroxyapatite at mild conditions. The brushite coating is rapidly electrodeposited from an aqueous electrolyte solution of calcium phosphate, monobasic and salts having cations of ammonium, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. About 1 to 5 percent of the calcium ions in the brushite coating are substituted with ammonium, alkali metals or alkaline earth metal cations. Hydroxyapatite can be formed by immersing the brushite coating in an animal or human body fluid or a simulated body fluid at from about 20 to 37.degree. C. Substantially stoichiometric calcium hydroxyapatite is formed.

Abstract: Process for simultaneous electrodeposition of at least a two component alloy system of cobalt and chromium on a substrate, by providing an aqueous solution of divalent cobalt and trivalent chromium ions and containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, at a pH of about 3 to about 5, electrolyzing the solution in an electrolyte cell containing an anode and a cathode, and codepositing cobalt and chromium on the cathode, e.g. titanium, as substrate. According to a preferred embodiment molybdenum-containing ions are also added to the electrolyte, resulting in codeposition of an alloy of cobalt, chromium and molybdenum. In another embodiment, a calcium phosphate ceramic such as hydroxyapatite (HA)is added to the above electrolyte solution, resulting, e.g. , in a codeposit of the calcium phosphate material, e.g. HA, and an alloy of cobalt, chromium and molybdenum.

Abstract: A metal substrate, e.g. titanium, having a calcium phosphate coating, particularly hydroxylapatite, and containing a metal such as cobalt, codeposited on the substrate by electrolyzing a cobalt salt, particularly cobalt sulfate, liquid electrolyte having a calcium phosphate material, particularly hydroxylapatite, suspended therein, employing a cobalt anode and the metal substrate as cathode. The particles of cobalt so codeposited with the particles of calcium phosphate material, e.g. hydroxylapatite, hold the latter particles strongly on the substrate metal. If desired, a second coating of the pure calcium phosphate material, e.g. "hydroxylapatite", optionally can be applied over the codeposited hydroxylapatite-cobalt coating. The calcium phosphate coated metal substrate of the invention, particularly the codeposited "hydroxylapatite"-cobalt coating, on a titanium or cobalt-chromium substrate, has particular value for application as medical implants, e.g.