Abstract: A differential amplifier includes an unmatched pair, including first quantum dots and second quantum dots, and a matched pair, including first and second phototransistors. The unmatched pair has a difference between a first spectrum absorbed by the first quantum dots and a second spectrum absorbed by the second quantum dots. Each of the first and second phototransistors includes a channel. The first quantum dots absorb the first spectrum from incident electromagnetic radiation and gate a first current through the channel of the first phototransistor, and the second quantum dots absorb the second spectrum from the incident electromagnetic radiation and gate a second current through the channel of the second phototransistor. The first and second phototransistors are coupled together for generating a differential output from the first and second currents, the differential output corresponding to the difference between the first and second spectrums within the incident electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A method for using a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) as a reconfigurable circuit, the method comprising the following steps: depositing a liquid dielectric over a graphene channel of the GFET; applying an activation energy via a first electric field across the liquid dielectric and the graphene channel to electrochemically produce chemical species within the liquid dielectric such that the chemical species accumulate at, and molecularly bond with, the graphene channel thereby decreasing a conductivity of the graphene channel; and applying a deactivation energy via a second electric field of opposite polarity to the first electric field to remove interaction between the chemical species and the graphene channel to increase the conductivity of the graphene channel.

Abstract: A graphene device for filtering color, involving a graphene structure responsive to continuous in-situ electrical gate-tuning of a Fermi level thereof and a plurality of nanoparticles disposed in relation to the graphene structure, each portion of the plurality of nanoparticles having a distinct energy bandgap in relation to another portion of the plurality of nanoparticles, and each portion of the plurality of nanoparticles configured to one of activate and deactivate in relation to the distinct energy bandgap and in response to the in-situ electrical gate-tuning of the Fermi level of the graphene structure.

Abstract: A graphene device for filtering color, involving a graphene structure responsive to continuous in-situ electrical gate-tuning of a Fermi level thereof and a plurality of nanoparticles disposed in relation to the graphene structure, each portion of the plurality of nanoparticles having a distinct energy bandgap in relation to another portion of the plurality of nanoparticles, and each portion of the plurality of nanoparticles configured to one of activate and deactivate in relation to the distinct energy bandgap and in response to the in-situ electrical gate-tuning of the Fermi level of the graphene structure.

Abstract: A plasmonic transducer includes a fluidic network layer, a carbon-based substrate, a liquid metal and an electromagnetic system. The fluidic network layer has a fluidic network layer front, a fluidic network layer back, a first through-hole passing from the fluidic network layer front to the fluidic network layer back. The carbon-based substrate is disposed on the fluidic network layer back. The liquid metal is disposed in the first through-hole. The electromagnetic system is operable to change the liquid metal from a first liquid metal state to a second liquid metal state. The transducer is operable to provide a first output signal when the liquid metal is in the first liquid metal state. The transducer is operable to provide a second output signal when the liquid metal is in the second liquid metal state.

Abstract: A plasmonic transducer includes a fluidic network layer, a carbon-based substrate, a liquid metal and an electromagnetic system. The fluidic network layer has a fluidic network layer front, a fluidic network layer back, a first through-hole passing from the fluidic network layer front to the fluidic network layer back. The carbon-based substrate is disposed on the fluidic network layer back. The liquid metal is disposed in the first through-hole. The electromagnetic system is operable to change the liquid metal from a first liquid metal state to a second liquid metal state. The transducer is operable to provide a first output signal when the liquid metal is in the first liquid metal state. The transducer is operable to provide a second output signal when the liquid metal is in the second liquid metal state.

Abstract: A device includes an electrolyte disposed between a layer of graphene and liquid metal. A system based upon the device includes a substrate having first and second layers of graphene and an enclosure disposed thereon. The enclosure encases the first and second layers of graphene and has a channel formed therein. A first end of the channel is disposed over at least a portion of the first layer of graphene and a second end of the channel is disposed over at least a portion of the second layer of graphene. An electrolyte disposed within the channel. Liquid metal is disposed within the electrolyte such that the liquid metal is separated from the first layer of graphene and the second layer of graphene by the electrolyte. The liquid metal is movable within the electrolyte to reconfigure power delivery to different connected loads.

Abstract: A device includes a substrate, a layer of graphene disposed over at least a portion of the substrate, at least one conductive trace proximate to the layer of graphene, one or more liquid metal contacts electrically connecting the layer of graphene and the at least one conductive trace, and an encasing material disposed over and enclosing the liquid metal contacts. The liquid metal contacts are in contact with a portion of the layer of graphene and an adjoining portion of the respective conductive trace. The liquid metal contacts may comprise a eutectic alloy in stable liquid form at between about ?19° C. and about 1300° C., such as a gallium-based alloy. The conductive traces allow for external device connections and may be partially enclosed within the encasing material.