Abstract: A cathode heater assembly for use in a vacuum electronic device comprises a refractive cup having a bottom portion and side walls forming a container; a cathode secured in the container of the refractive cup; and a heater wire coupled to the refractive cup. The cathode heater assembly may be manufactured by providing a refractive cup having a bottom portion and side walls forming a container; inserting a cathode pellet in the container of the refractive cup; impregnating the cathode pellet with electron emissive materials while the cathode pellet is in the container of the refractive cup; and attaching a heater wire to the refractive cup.

Abstract: Brine disposal systems are configured to receive brine from a brine source and to passively collect seawater from a nearby ocean during high tide using one or more tidal forces. Tidal movements during high tide, low tide, or both may be used to mix and thereby dilute the brine with the seawater. The mixture of seawater and brine is then passively discharged into the ocean during low tide using the tidal force, thereby minimizing the impacts on the marine ecosystem.

Abstract: Brine disposal systems are configured to receive brine from a brine source and to passively collect seawater from a nearby ocean during high tide using one or more tidal forces. Tidal movements during high tide, low tide, or both may be used to mix and thereby dilute the brine with the seawater. The mixture of seawater and brine is then passively discharged into the ocean during low tide using the tidal force, thereby minimizing the impacts on the marine ecosystem.