Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for transmitting, by a first device, a transmission signal that includes a carrier signal modulated with a TM signal. Receiving a response signal from a second device in response to the transmission signal. Determining, whether the response signal includes the TM signal.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining, by a first device, that a second device is within range for direct communications and that the second device is capable of performing transpositional modulation (TM) communications. Determining to use transpositional modulation to send data to the second device. Sending the data to the second device using a TM signal.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium for receiving, by a first device, a first signal from a second device, the first signal including a carrier signal modulated with a first modulation signal. Detecting a frequency of the carrier signal by performing a carrier extraction (CAREX) process on the first signal. Adding a second modulation signal to the carrier signal of the first signal to produce a combined signal, wherein the second modulation signal is a transpositional modulation (TM) signal and the first modulation signal is a non-TM signal. Transmitting the combined signal.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for transmitting, by a first device, a transmission signal that includes a carrier signal modulated with a TM signal. Receiving a response signal from a second device in response to the transmission signal. Determining, whether the response signal includes the TM signal.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium for receiving, by a first device, a first signal from a second device, the first signal including a carrier signal modulated with a first modulation signal. Detecting a frequency of the carrier signal by performing a carrier extraction (CAREX) process on the first signal. Adding a second modulation signal to the carrier signal of the first signal to produce a combined signal, wherein the second modulation signal is a transpositional modulation (TM) signal and the first modulation signal is a non-TM signal. Transmitting the combined signal.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for transmitting, by a first device, a transmission signal that includes a carrier signal modulated with a TM signal. Receiving a response signal from a second device in response to the transmission signal. Determining, whether the response signal includes the TM signal.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining, by a first device, that a second device is within range for direct communications and that the second device is capable of performing transpositional modulation (TM) communications. Determining to use transpositional modulation to send data to the second device. Sending the data to the second device using a TM signal.

Abstract: A battery monitoring system and method are disclosed. A battery monitor compares data in parallel register files. If voltage deviation above a certain threshold is detected in one register file, the system generates an alert that a fault exists upstream in the system. In order to better detect errors, the system may intentionally alter the voltages on the batteries to be monitored.

Abstract: Embodiments may include a data receiver having input for a current signal. The data receiver may further include a current generator to generate a reference current for comparison against the input current signal. The data receiver may also include a data converter having an input coupled to an intermediate node of the data receiver, the data converter comprising a plurality of cascaded stages with intermediate nodes among the stages.