Abstract: A method of improving the transportation of a crude oil which has been recovered from a crude oil well, the method comprising adding one or more glycerophospholipid(s) to a crude oil before and/or during the transportation of said crude oil.

Abstract: Fouling in a refinery vessel, such as heat transfer equipment, used in a petroleum refinery operation and in which a refineable petroleum feedstock is at an elevated temperature and in fluid communication with the refinery vessel during a petroleum refinery operation, is reduced by providing in the refineable petroleum feedstock an additive comprising (i) a poly(butylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid; or, (ii) a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid; or, (iii) a combination of a poly(butylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid and a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid.

Abstract: The capacity of a crude oil to solvate and/or disperse asphaltenes is increased by providing a crude oil which includes an additive comprising (i) a poly(butylenyl)bezene sulphonic acid; or, (ii) a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid; or, (iii) a combination of a poly(butylenyl)bezene sulphonic acid and a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid.

Abstract: The capacity of a crude oil to solvate and/or disperse asphaltenes is increased by providing a crude oil which includes an additive comprising (i) a poly(butylenyl)bezene sulphonic acid; or, (ii) a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid; or, (iii) a combination of a poly(butylenyl)bezene sulphonic acid and a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid.

Abstract: Fouling in a refinery vessel, such as heat transfer equipment, used in a petroleum refinery operation and in which a refineable petroleum feedstock is at an elevated temperature and in fluid communication with the refinery vessel during a petroleum refinery operation, is reduced by providing in the refineable petroleum feedstock an additive comprising (i) a poly(butylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid; or, (ii) a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid; or, (iii) a combination of a poly(butylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid and a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid.

Abstract: An iron-containing polymer is provided for use as a fuel additive for promoting trap regeneration. The polymer shows a beneficial balance of physical properties, and is prepared from iron salts by a polymerization process involving base addition, and subsequent co-ordination of branched-chain polycarboxylate ligands. The polymer can be stored in highly concentrate form, and shows particular suitability for on board dosing systems.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition comprises a fuel oil in a major amount, which fuel oil has a mass % against n-alkane carbon number distribution curve characterised by: (i) a maximum negative gradient from carbon number 18 to carbon number 26 that is less than ?0.30; and (ii) a ratio of the mass of n-alkanes of carbon number greater than 22 to the mass of n-alkanes from carbon number 18 to carbon number 21 that does not exceed 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic device, especially an electroluminescent devices, comprising a compound of Formula (I), especially as host for phosphorescent compounds. The hosts may function with phosphorescent materials to provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability, or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic device, especially an electroluminescent devices, comprising a compound of Formula (I), especially as host for phosphorescent compounds. The hosts may function with phosphorescent materials to provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability, or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: An iron-containing polymer is provided for use as a fuel additive for promoting trap regeneration. The polymer shows a beneficial balance of physical properties, and is prepared from iron salts by a polymerisation process involving base addition, and subsequent coordination of branched-chain polycarboxylate ligands. The polymer can be stored in highly concentrate form, and shows particular suitability for on board dosing systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of furopyrroles of general formula (I), comprising (a) heating a compound of the formula (II) under microwave irradiation optionally in the presence of an inert solvent, wherein A1 and A2 are C1-C18alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C2-C18alkynyl, C5-C8cycloalkyl, C5-C8cycloalkenyl, aryl or heteroaryl, A3 is hydrogen, C1-C18alkyl, cyanomethyl, Ar3, —CR30R31—(CH2)m—Ar3 or Y—R32, wherein R30 and R31 independently of each other stand for hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl, or phenyl which can be substitute up to three times with C1-C4alkyl, Ar3 stands for aryl, C5-C8 cloalkyl, C5-C8cycloalkenyl or heteroaryl, which can be substituted one to three times with C1-C8alkyl, C1-C8alkoxy, halogen or phenyl, which can be substituted with C1-C8alkyl or C1-C8alkoxy one to three times, and m stands for 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, R is C1-C18alkyl, in particular C1-C4alkyl, aryl, in particular phenyl, or aralkyl, in particular benzyl, which can be substituted one to three times with C1-C8alkyl, C1

Abstract: Mixtures of metallocenyl phthalocyanines obtainable by reacting a mixture A comprising two phthalocyanines: with a metallocene derivative in the presence of a catalyst, and also oligomeric metallocenyl phthalocyanines, processes for preparing them, their use for, inter alia, optical recording and optical recording media.

Abstract: The present invention is aimed at a method of providing wettability to polyester fibers or filaments, to woven or nonwoven fabrics made therefrom and to resultant articles of manufacture. The method comprises melt extruding a mixture comprising a polyester and one or more alkyl metal sulfonates where the metal is Na, Li or K and the alkyl is straight or branched chain alkyl of 12 to 15 carbon atoms, or is straight or branched chain alkenyl of 12 to 18 carbon atoms. The alkyl metal sulfonates are present from about 2% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the polyester. A post treatment step such as an alkaline treatment step is not included. The melt extrusion mixtures do not include certain additives such as polyoxyalkylene compounds, alkylmonoethonolamide compounds, alkyldiethanolamine compounds and polyetheramide compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of diketopyrrolopyrroles of the formula (I), wherein A1, A2, A3 and A4 are as defined in the description of the present invention, to new diketopyrrolopyrroles of the general formula I obtainable by the process, and the use of the new diketopyrrolopyrroles of the general formula I for the preparation of inks, colorants, pigmented plastics for coatings, non-impact-printing material, color filters, cosmetics, polymeric ink particles, toners, dye lasers and electroluminescent devices, or as fluorescent markers for immunoassays and fluorescent tracers for leak detection of fluids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of furopyrroles of general formula (I), comprising (a) heating a compound of the formula (II) under microwave irradiation optionally in the presence of an inert solvent, wherein A1 and A2 are C1-C18alkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, C2-C18alkynyl, C5-C8cycloalkyl, C5-C8cycloalkenyl, aryl or heteroaryl, A3 is hydrogen, C1-C18alkyl, cyanomethyl, Ar3, —CR30R31—(CH2)m—Ar3 or Y—R32, wherein R30 and R31 independently of each other stand for hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl, or phenyl which can be substitute up to three times with C1-C4alkyl, Ar3 stands for aryl, C5-C8 cloalkyl, C5-C8cycloalkenyl or heteroaryl, which can be substituted one to three times with C1-C9alkyl, C1-C8alkoxy, halogen or phenyl, which can be substituted with C1-C8alkyI or C1-C8alkoxy one to three times, and m stands for 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, R is C1‘-C18alkyl, in particular C1-C4alkyl, aryl, in particular phenyl, or aralkyl, in particular benzyl, which can be substituted one to three times with C1-C8alkyl, C

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical recording medium comprising a substrate, a reflecting layer and a recording layer, wherein the recording layer comprises a compound of formula [L1Mr-4L-2]o [Am]p [Zn+q(I), [L1Mr?3L?3]0 [Am]P[Zn+]q(II) or [L3Mr?2L4]0 [Am]p[Zn+]q (III), or where applicable a mesomeric or tautomeric form thereof, wherein L1 and L2 are each independently of the other and L3 and L4 are each independently of the other wherein Q1 is CR1 or N, Q2 is O, S, NR10 or Q5?Q8, Q3 is CR3 or N, Q4 is O, S, NR10 or Q7?Q8, Q5 is CR5 or N, Q6 is CR6 or N, Q7 is CR7 or N, Q8 is CR8 or N, and Q9 is 0, S, NR10 or Q6?Q8; Mr, Am?, Zn+, R2, R9 are as defined in the claims.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metal complexes of formula I, compositions comprising the metal complexes, to recording media comprising the metal complexes or compositions and to the use of the compositions in the production of optical recording media: wherein the substituent are, as defined in the description. Use of the metal complexes formula (I) in combination with oxonol dyes results, surprisingly, in a comparatively weak tendency of the oxonol dyes to aggregate in the solid state so that the absorption curve remains advantageously narrow event in the solid state, as a result of which recording media having high reflectivity as well as high sensitivity and good playback characteristics in the desired spectral range are made available.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition comprises a fuel oil in a major amount, which fuel oil has a mass % against n-alkane carbon number distribution curve characterised by: (i) a maximum negative gradient from carbon number 18 to carbon number 26 that is less than ?0.30; and (ii) a ratio of the mass of n-alkanes of carbon number greater than 22 to the mass of n-alkanes from carbon number 18 to carbon number 21 that does not exceed 0.

Abstract: An additive composition comprises at least one polyoxyalkylene compound and at least one ethylene polymer, wherein the at least one ethylene polymer, in addition to units derived from ethylene, comprises units of the formula (I): and optionally, units of the formula (II): wherein each R1 group independently represents hydrogen or methyl; wherein each R2 group independently represents an alkyl group having 5 or more carbon atoms; wherein each R3 group independently represents hydrogen or methyl; wherein each R4 group independently represents an alkyl group having between 1 and 4 carbon atoms; wherein the proportion of units of formula (I) in the ethylene polymer is between 16 and 30 mol %; and wherein the total proportion of units of formula (I) and formula (II) in the ethylene polymer is between 19 and 30 mol %. The composition is particularly suitable for improving the low temperature properties of fuels having sharp distillation tails and low final boiling points.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorescent diketopyrrolopyrrole analogues of the general formula (I), wherein A1 and A2 are C1–C18alkyl, C2–C18alkenyl, C2–C18alkynyl, C5–C8cycloalkyl, C5–C8cycloalkenyl, aryl or heteroaryl, A3 and A4 are independently of each other C1–C18alkyl, Ar3, —CR30R31—(CH2)m—Ar3, or Y—R32, wherein R30 and R31 independently of each other stand for hydrogen or C1–C4alkyl, or phenyl which can be substituted up to three times with C1–C3alkyl, Ar3 stands for aryl, in particular phenyl or 1- or 2-naphthyl, C5–C8cycloalkyl, in particular cyclohexyl, or heteroaryl, which can be substituted one to three times with C1–C8alkyl, C1–C8alkoxy, halogen or phenyl, which can be substituted with C1–C8alkyl or C1–C8alkoxy one to three times, and m stands for 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, Y is C(O)— or SO2— and R32 is C1–C18alkyl, Ar3, or aralkyl and A3 can additionally be hydrogen, C1–C8alkyloxycarbonyl, such as tertbutoxycarbonyl, or aralkyloxycarbonyl, such as benzyloxycarbonyl, a process for their preparation and