Abstract: A laminated graphene device is demonstrated as a cathode. In one example the devices include organic photovoltaic devices. The measured properties demonstrate work-function matching via contact doping. Devices and method shown also provide increased power conversion efficiency due to transparency. These findings indicate that flexible, light-weight all carbon devices, such as solar cells, can be constructed using graphene as the cathode material.

Abstract: A laminated graphene device is demonstrated as a cathode. In one example the devices include organic photovoltaic devices. The measured properties demonstrate work-function matching via contact doping. Devices and method shown also provide increased power conversion efficiency due to transparency. These findings indicate that flexible, light-weight all carbon devices, such as solar cells, can be constructed using graphene as the cathode material.

Abstract: An apparatus or method can include forming a graphene layer including a working surface, forming a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer upon the working surface of the graphene layer, and forming a dielectric layer upon the PVA layer. In an example, the PVA layer can be activated and the dielectric layer can be deposited on an activated portion of the PVA layer. In an example, an electronic device can include such apparatus, such as included as a portion of graphene field-effect transistor (GFET), or one or more other devices.

Abstract: An apparatus or method can include forming a graphene layer including a working surface, forming a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer upon the working surface of the graphene layer, and forming a dielectric layer upon the PVA layer. In an example, the PVA layer can be activated and the dielectric layer can be deposited on an activated portion of the PVA layer. In an example, an electronic device can include such apparatus, such as included as a portion of graphene field-effect transistor (GFET), or one or more other devices.

Abstract: An apparatus or method can include forming a graphene layer including a working surface, forming a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer upon the working surface of the graphene layer, and forming a dielectric layer upon the PVA layer. In an example, the PVA layer can be activated and the dielectric layer can be deposited on an activated portion of the PVA layer. In an example, an electronic device can include such apparatus, such as included as a portion of graphene field-effect transistor (GFET), or one or more other devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides liquid crystal having a spiral coil structure and a dipole moment along its axis and a helical discotic switch using the same, wherein the helicene compound has the structure: wherein X is O, or S and Y is —O—C(═O)CH2—O—R5, wherein R5 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently the same or different and are substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound having the structure: ##STR1## wherein rings A and B represent independent electron accepting ring systems and wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are the same or different and are H, substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl, --SR, --NRR', --OR, --OC(O)R, SC(O)R, --SCR, wherein R and R' are independently substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl.This invention also provides thin films comprising a compound having the above structure or suitable derivatives thereof.This invention further provides liquid crystal display devices and non-linear optical devises comprising a compound having the above structure or a suitable derivative thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides an aggregate of a compound capable of forming helical structures such that the aggregate is capable of achieving a specific rotation of at least 100,000.degree. for plane polarized light having a wavelength of 589 nm.