Abstract: Methods for determining levels of endotoxin in a sample are provided. These methods are useful in the diagnosis of septicemia. Kits for the detection of endotoxin are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for determining levels of endotoxin in a sample are provided. These methods are useful in the diagnosis of septicemia. Kits for the detection of endotoxin are also provided.

Abstract: A compound useful as an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist has the formula: wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkyl; R2 is of the formula:  wherein is an integer ranging from 1 to 8; R5 is H or (CH2)p, wherein p is an integer ranging from 1 to 8 and R6 is H or (CH2)mOH, wherein m is an integer ranging from 1 to 8; R3 is of the formula: —(CH2)qC6H4—R7  wherein q is an integer ranging from 1 to 8; and wherein R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, NH2, (CH2)tOH, wherein t is an integer ranging from 1 to 8; and R9COOH, wherein R9 is an alkyl or alkylidene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and R4 is of the formula:  wherein Rs is selected from the group consisting of H; NH2; (CH2)rOH, wherein s is an integer ranging from 1 to 8; and R10COOH wherein R10 is an alkyl or alkylidene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and r is an integer ranging from 1 to 8.

Abstract: Subjects at risk for developing cancer may be identified by obtaining samples of diagnostic cells from the subjects and determining a measure of cytotoxicity of the cells, the measure of cytotoxicity correlating negatively with the risk of developing cancer. The development of cancer may be prevented in subjects determined to be at risk for developing cancer by administering priming and activating agents to the subject, by increasing the expression of A1 adenosine receptors in cells of the subject, and increasing the affinity of cells of the subject for A1 adenosine receptor ligands. The preventative and diagnostic methods of the present invention may be carried out with kits and pharmaceutical liposomal formulations.

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Abstract: Methods of treating or preventing fibrosis and sclerosis by the administration of compositions containing A.sub.1 adenosine receptor antagonists and/or P.sub.2X purinoceptor antagonists, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Methods of preventing or treating ischemia-reperfusion injury in an organ by administration of a composition containing a selective A.sub.1 adenosine receptor antagonist and/or a P.sub.2X purinoceptor antagonist are provided. Methods of preventing or treating endotoxin-related tissue injury by administration of a composition containing a selective A.sub.1 adenosine receptor antagonist and/or a P.sub.2X purinoceptor antagonist are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for determining levels of endotoxin in a sample are provided. These methods are useful in the diagnosis of septicemia. Kits for the detection of endotoxin are also provided.

Abstract: Methods of preventing or treating ischemia-reperfusion injury in an organ by administration of a composition containing a selective A.sub.1 adenosine receptor antagonist and/or a P.sub.2X purinoceptor antagonist are provided. Methods of preventing or treating endotoxin-related lung injury by administration of a composition containing a selective A.sub.1 adenosine receptor antagonist and/or a P.sub.2X purinoceptor antagonist are also provided.

Abstract: Methods of preventing or inhibiting ischemia-reperfusion injury in an organ by administration of a composition containing a selective A.sub.1 adenosine receptor antagonist are provided.