Abstract: An immunopotentiating composition comprising a papaya mosaic virus (PapMV), or a virus-like particle (VLP) derived from PapMV coat protein, which is capable of functioning as an adjuvant and thus potentiating an immune response in an animal is provided. The immunopotentiating composition can further comprise an immunogen, which can be fused or otherwise linked to the VLP, or not linked to the VLP. The immunopotentiating composition is capable of potentiating a humoral and/or a cellular response in the animal and is suitable for use as an adjuvant or vaccine. Methods of potentiating an immune response in an animal comprising administering to the animal an immunopotentiating composition are also provided have application in both human and veterinary medicine.

Abstract: An immunopotentiating composition comprising a papaya mosaic virus (PapMV), or a virus-like particle (VLP) derived from PapMV coat protein, which is capable of functioning as an adjuvant and thus potentiating an immune response in an animal is provided. The immunopotentiating composition can further comprise an immunogen, which can be fused or otherwise linked to the VLP, or not linked to the VLP. The immunopotentiating composition is capable of potentiating a humoral and/or a cellular response in the animal and is suitable for use as an adjuvant or vaccine. Methods of potentiating an immune response in an animal comprising administering to the animal an immunopotentiating composition are also provided have application in both human and veterinary medicine.

Abstract: Adjuvants comprising OmpC porin, OmpF porin, or a combination thereof, are provided. The adjuvants can be administered to a subject in combination with antigenic material in order to potentiate the immunogenic effect of the antigenic material. Also provided are products comprising antigenic material in combination with OmpC and/or OmpF, including products comprising a pre-formulated vaccine in combination with OmpC and/or OmpF. Further provided is the use of OmpC and/or OmpF to improve the effect of a pre-formulated vaccine.

Abstract: An antigen-presenting system (APS) comprising one or more enterobacterial antigens in combination with a papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) or a virus like particle (VLP) derived from papaya mosaic virus is provided. The PapMV or VLP included in the APS is capable of potentiating an immune response against said one or more enterobacterial antigens. The APS can be used, for example, as a vaccine against enterobacterial disease, such as typhoid fever. The one or more antigens comprised by the APS can be conjugated to a coat protein of the PapMV or PapMV VLP, or they may be non-conjugated (i.e. separate from the PapMV or PapMV VLP), or the APS can comprise both conjugated and non-conjugated antigens. Conjugation can be, for example, by genetic fusion with the coat protein, or binding via covalent, non-covalent or affinity means.