Abstract: An antenna assembly includes a composite substrate. One or more first antenna elements are secured to the composite substrate. A microstrip feed network is secured to the composite substrate. The first antenna elements are electrically coupled to the microstrip feed network. A switch is electrically connected to the microstrip feed network. The switch is configured to selectively control the first antenna element(s). A dielectric lens may be disposed on the composite substrate over the first antenna element(s).

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes a composite substrate. One or more first antenna elements are secured to the composite substrate. A microstrip feed network is secured to the composite substrate. The first antenna elements are electrically coupled to the microstrip feed network. A switch is electrically connected to the microstrip feed network. The switch is configured to selectively control the first antenna element(s). A dielectric lens may be disposed on the composite substrate over the first antenna element(s).

Abstract: A lens includes a first hemispherical refractive structure having a first effective refractive index based on a first fill pattern of the first hemispherical refractive structure. The lens further includes a second hemispherical refractive structure having a second effective refractive index based on a second fill pattern of the second hemispherical refractive structure. The second hemispherical refractive structure is arranged as a hemispherical shell coupled to and concentric with the first hemispherical refractive structure. The second effective refractive index is different than the first effective refractive index.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) assembly that includes a microstrip to waveguide transition is described herein. In one example, the RF assembly can include a substrate, a microstrip, and a waveguide. The substrate can include an antenna that includes an antenna slot. A portion of the microstrip, such as an end of the microstrip, can be disposed within and/or underneath the antenna slot. The microstrip can be embedded within the substrate and can be electrically coupled to the antenna. At least a portion of the waveguide can be disposed over the antenna slot.

Abstract: A lens includes a first hemispherical refractive structure having a first effective refractive index based on a first fill pattern of the first hemispherical refractive structure. The lens further includes a second hemispherical refractive structure having a second effective refractive index based on a second fill pattern of the second hemispherical refractive structure. The second hemispherical refractive structure is arranged as a hemispherical shell coupled to and concentric with the first hemispherical refractive structure. The second effective refractive index is different than the first effective refractive index.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) assembly that includes a microstrip to waveguide transition is described herein. In one example, the RF assembly can include a substrate, a microstrip, and a waveguide. The substrate can include an antenna that includes an antenna slot. A portion of the microstrip, such as an end of the microstrip, can be disposed within and/or underneath the antenna slot. The microstrip can be embedded within the substrate and can be electrically coupled to the antenna. At least a portion of the waveguide can be disposed over the antenna slot.

Abstract: A steerable antenna assembly (“SAA”) for receiving a plurality of incident radio frequency (“RF”) signals at a plurality of incident angles is disclosure. The SAA includes an approximately spherical dielectric lens (“SDL”), a waveguide aperture block (“WAB”), a switch aperture matrix (“SAM”), and a radial aperture combiner (“RAC”). The SDL receives and focuses the plurality of incident RF signals creating a plurality of focused RF signals at a plurality of focal points approximately along the back surface of the SDL. The WAB is positioned adjacent to the back surface of the SDL and receives the plurality of focused RF signals. The SAM electronically steers a beam of a radiation pattern produced by the SAA and switch between the pluralities of focused RF signals based on electronically steering the beam. The RAC produces a received RF signal from the plurality of focused RF signals.

Abstract: A steerable antenna assembly (“SAA”) for receiving a plurality of incident radio frequency (“RF”) signals at a plurality of incident angles is disclosure. The SAA includes an approximately spherical dielectric lens (“SDL”), a waveguide aperture block (“WAB”), a switch aperture matrix (“SAM”), and a radial aperture combiner (“RAC”). The SDL receives and focuses the plurality of incident RF signals creating a plurality of focused RF signals at a plurality of focal points approximately along the back surface of the SDL. The WAB is positioned adjacent to the back surface of the SDL and receives the plurality of focused RF signals. The SAM electronically steers a beam of a radiation pattern produced by the SAA and switch between the pluralities of focused RF signals based on electronically steering the beam. The RAC produces a received RF signal from the plurality of focused RF signals.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a waveguide. The waveguide includes a waveguide wall having a shape associated with a dominant propagation mode. The waveguide includes a first dielectric material having a cross-sectional area that varies along a length of a portion of the waveguide.

Abstract: A steerable antenna assembly (“SAA”) for receiving a plurality of incident radio frequency (“RF”) signals at a plurality of incident angles is disclosure. The SAA includes an approximately spherical dielectric lens (“SDL”), a waveguide aperture block (“WAB”), a switch aperture matrix (“SAM”), and a radial aperture combiner (“RAC”). The SDL receives and focuses the plurality of incident RF signals creating a plurality of focused RF signals at a plurality of focal points approximately along the back surface of the SDL. The WAB is positioned adjacent to the back surface of the SDL and receives the plurality of focused RF signals. The SAM electronically steers a beam of a radiation pattern produced by the SAA and switch between the pluralities of focused RF signals based on electronically steering the beam. The RAC produces a received RF signal from the plurality of focused RF signals.

Abstract: A steerable antenna assembly (“SAA”) for receiving a plurality of incident radio frequency (“RF”) signals at a plurality of incident angles is disclosure. The SAA includes an approximately spherical dielectric lens (“SDL”), a waveguide aperture block (“WAB”), a switch aperture matrix (“SAM”), and a radial aperture combiner (“RAC”). The SDL receives and focuses the plurality of incident RF signals creating a plurality of focused RF signals at a plurality of focal points approximately along the back surface of the SDL. The WAB is positioned adjacent to the back surface of the SDL and receives the plurality of focused RF signals. The SAM electronically steers a beam of a radiation pattern produced by the SAA and switch between the pluralities of focused RF signals based on electronically steering the beam. The RAC produces a received RF signal from the plurality of focused RF signals.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a waveguide. The waveguide includes a waveguide wall having a shape associated with a dominant propagation mode. The waveguide includes a first dielectric material having a cross-sectional area that varies along a length of a portion of the waveguide.