Abstract: The present application relates to an artificial turf system, comprising an elastic substrate layer, an artificial turf carpet applied on the elastic substrate layer, and a first filler material which is filled into the artificial turf carpet, wherein the first filler material comprises a hydrophobic sand, and the use thereof as sports artificial turf.

Abstract: A method of detecting space debris includes: generating a virtual space debris in accordance with the law of conservation of mass by applying a debris breakup model to an object of breakup origin; calculating an orbit of each virtual space debris based on a debris orbit propagation model; and generating appearance frequency distribution of a motion vector of each virtual space debris on the celestial sphere based on the orbit calculation. The above operations are executed multiple times. The method further includes setting a search range vector based on a motion vector having a high level of the appearance frequency distribution of the motion vector, and applying a stacking method to regions in images captured at time intervals during the fixed point observation, the regions being shifted along the search range vector sequentially in the order of capture, thereby detecting space debris appearing on the images.

Abstract: A composition for metal plating comprising a source of metal ions and at least one leveling agent comprising at least one polyaminoamide comprising a polymer fragment of formula (I) or derivatives thereof obtainable by complete or partial protonation or N-quarternisation.

Abstract: Described herein is a composition for filling submicrometer sized features having an aperture size of 30 nanometers or less including a source of copper ions, and at least one suppressing agent selected from compounds of formula I where the R1 radicals are each independently selected from a copolymer of ethylene oxide and at least one further C3 to C4 alkylene oxide, said copolymer being a random copolymer, the R2 radicals are each independently selected from R1 or alkyl, X and Y are spacer groups independently, and X for each repeating unit independently, selected from C1 to C6 alkylene and Z—(O—Z)m where the Z radicals are each independently selected from C2 to C6 alkylene, n is an integer equal to or greater than 0, and m is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Abstract: A method of detecting space debris includes: generating a virtual space debris in accordance with the law of conservation of mass by applying a debris breakup model to an object of breakup origin; calculating an orbit of each virtual space debris based on a debris orbit propagation model; and generating appearance frequency distribution of a motion vector of each virtual space debris on the celestial sphere based on the orbit calculation. The above operations are executed multiple times. The method further includes setting a search range vector based on a motion vector having a high level of the appearance frequency distribution of the motion vector, and applying a stacking method to regions in images captured at time intervals during the fixed point observation, the regions being shifted along the search range vector sequentially in the order of capture, thereby detecting space debris appearing on the images.

Abstract: A composition for metal plating comprising a source of metal ions and at least one leveling agent comprising at least one polyaminoamide comprising a polymer fragment of formula (I) or derivatives thereof obtainable by complete or partial protonation or N-quarternisation.

Abstract: Composition comprising a source of metal ions and at least one suppressing agent obtainable by reacting a) an amine compound comprising at least three active amino functional groups with b) a mixture of ethylene oxide and at least one compound selected from C3 and C4 alkylene oxides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive; to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive; to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive; to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive; to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive; to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: According to the present invention a composition is provided comprising at least one source of metal ions and at least one additive obtainable by reacting a) a polyhydric alcohol condensate compound derived from at least one polyalcohol of formula (I) X(OH)n??(I) by condensation with b) at least one alkylene oxide to form a polyhydric alcohol condensate comprising polyoxyalkylene side chains, wherein n is an integer from 3 to 6 and X is an n-valent linear or branched aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be substituted or unsubstituted.

Abstract: A composition comprising a source of metal ions and at least one additive comprising a polyalkyleneimine backbone, said polyalkyleneimine backbone having a molecular weight Mw of from 300 g/mol to 1000000 g/mol, wherein the N hydrogen atoms in the backbone are substituted by a polyoxyalkylene radical and wherein the average number of oxyalkylene units in said polyoxyalkylene radical is from 1.5 to 10 per N—H unit.

Abstract: A composition comprising a source of metal ions and at least one additive comprising at least one polyaminoamide, said polyaminoamide comprising the structural unit represented by formula I or derivatives of the polyaminoamide of formula I obtainable by complete or partial protonation, N-functionalization or N-quaternization with a non-aromatic reactant, wherein D6 is, for each repeating unit 1 to s independently, a divalent group selected from a saturated or unsaturated C1-C20 organic radical, D7 is, for each repeating unit 1 to s independently, a divalent group selected from straight chain or branched C2-C20 alkanediyl, which may optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms or divalent groups selected from O, S and NR10, R1 is, for each repeating unit 1 to s independently, selected from H, C1-C20 alkyl, and C1-C20 alkenyl, which may optionally be substituted by hydroxyl, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl, or, together with R2, may form a divalent group D8, and R2 is, for each repeating unit 1 to s independently, s