Abstract: A 3D model of AC electrical conductivity (at a given frequency) of an anatomic volume can be created by obtaining two MRI images of the anatomic volume, where the two images have different repetition times. Then, for each voxel in the anatomic volume, a ratio IR of the intensity of the corresponding voxels in the two MRI images is calculated. This calculated IR is then mapped into a corresponding voxel of a 3D model of AC electrical conductivity at the given frequency. The given frequency is below 1 MHz (e.g., 200 kHz). In some embodiments, the 3D model of AC electrical conductivity at the given frequency is used to determine the positions for the electrodes in TTFields (Tumor Treating Fields) treatment.

Abstract: When electrodes are used to impose an electric field in target tissue within an anatomic volume (e.g., to apply TTFields to treat a tumor), the position of the electrodes can be optimized by generating a 3D map of electrical conductivity or resistivity of the anatomic volume. A location of the target tissue within the anatomic volume is identified, and a dipole is added to the 3D map at a location that corresponds to the target tissue. positions for the electrodes that maximize a potential attributable to the dipole are determined based on the 3D map of electrical conductivity or resistivity and the location of the dipole.

Abstract: Cancer treatment using TTFields (Tumor Treating Fields) can be customized to each individual subject by obtaining cancer cells from the subject, determining an electrical characteristic (e.g., dielectrophoretic forces, cell membrane capacitance, etc.) of the cancer cells, determining a frequency for the TTFields based on the determined electrical characteristic, and treating the cancer by applying TTFields to the subject at the determined frequency. In addition, cancer treatment can be planned for each individual subject by obtaining cancer cells from the subject, determining an electrical characteristic of the cancer cells, predicting whether TTFields would be effective to treat the cancer based on the determined electrical characteristic, and treating the subject by applying TTFields if the prediction indicates that TTFields would be effective.

Abstract: When electrodes are used to impose an electric field in target tissue within an anatomic volume (e.g., to apply TTFields to treat a tumor), the position of the electrodes can be optimized by generating a 3D map of electrical conductivity or resistivity of the anatomic volume. A location of the target tissue within the anatomic volume is identified, and a dipole is added to the 3D map at a location that corresponds to the target tissue. positions for the electrodes that maximize a potential attributable to the dipole are determined based on the 3D map of electrical conductivity or resistivity and the location of the dipole.

Abstract: When electrodes are used to impose an electric field in target tissue within an anatomic volume (e.g., to apply TTFields to treat a tumor), the position of the electrodes can be optimized by obtaining electrical conductivity measurements in an anatomic volume and generating a 3D map of the conductivity directly from the obtained electrical conductivity or resistivity measurements, without segmenting the anatomic volume into tissue types. A location of the target tissue is identified within the anatomic volume, and the positions for the electrodes are determined based on the 3D map of electrical conductivity and the position of the target tissue.

Abstract: Cancer treatment using TTFields (Tumor Treating Fields) can be customized to each individual subject by obtaining cancer cells from the subject, determining an electrical characteristic (e.g., dielectrophoretic forces, cell membrane capacitance, etc.) of the cancer cells, determining a frequency for the TTFields based on the determined electrical characteristic, and treating the cancer by applying TTFields to the subject at the determined frequency. In addition, cancer treatment can be planned for each individual subject by obtaining cancer cells from the subject, determining an electrical characteristic of the cancer cells, predicting whether TTFields would be effective to treat the cancer based on the determined electrical characteristic, and treating the subject by applying TTFields if the prediction indicates that TTFields would be effective.

Abstract: A 3D model of AC electrical conductivity (at a given frequency) of an anatomic volume can be created by obtaining two MRI images of the anatomic volume, where the two images have different repetition times. Then, for each voxel in the anatomic volume, a ratio IR of the intensity of the corresponding voxels in the two MRI images is calculated. This calculated IR is then mapped into a corresponding voxel of a 3D model of AC electrical conductivity at the given frequency. The given frequency is below 1 MHz (e.g., 200 kHz). In some embodiments, the 3D model of AC electrical conductivity at the given frequency is used to determine the positions for the electrodes in TTFields (Tumor Treating Fields) treatment.

Abstract: When electrodes are used to impose an electric field in target tissue within an anatomic volume (e.g., to apply TTFields to treat a tumor), the position of the electrodes can be optimized by obtaining electrical conductivity measurements in an anatomic volume and generating a 3D map of the conductivity directly from the obtained electrical conductivity or resistivity measurements, without segmenting the anatomic volume into tissue types. A location of the target tissue is identified within the anatomic volume, and the positions for the electrodes are determined based on the 3D map of electrical conductivity and the position of the target tissue.

Abstract: When electrodes are used to impose an electric field in target tissue within an anatomic volume (e.g., to apply TTFields to treat a tumor), the position of the electrodes can be optimized by obtaining electrical conductivity measurements in an anatomic volume and generating a 3D map of the conductivity directly from the obtained electrical conductivity or resistivity measurements, without segmenting the anatomic volume into tissue types. A location of the target tissue is identified within the anatomic volume, and the positions for the electrodes are determined based on the 3D map of electrical conductivity and the position of the target tissue.

Abstract: When electrodes are used to impose an electric field in target tissue within an anatomic volume (e.g., to apply TTFields to treat a tumor), the position of the electrodes can be optimized by obtaining electrical conductivity measurements in an anatomic volume and generating a 3D map of the conductivity directly from the obtained electrical conductivity or resistivity measurements, without segmenting the anatomic volume into tissue types. A location of the target tissue is identified within the anatomic volume, and the positions for the electrodes are determined based on the 3D map of electrical conductivity and the position of the target tissue.