Abstract: A process for treating a subterranean earth formation includes the step of introducing an acidizing treatment fluid comprising a monovalent salt of monochloroacetic acid into the subterranean earth formation in the presence of at least one bromide or iodide salt or salt precursor, wherein the at least one bromide or iodide salt or salt precursor is introduced into the subterranean earth formation in an amount of from about 0.3 to about 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the acidizing treatment fluid. The acidizing treatment fluid itself includes the monovalent salt of monochloroacetic acid, the at least one bromide or iodide salt or salt precursor, and optionally an element to suppress precipitation of calcium glycolate and/or at least one acid.

Abstract: A process for treating a subterranean earth formation by includes the step of introducing a buffered acidizing treatment fluid comprising a monovalent salt of monochloroacetic acid and at least one acid into the subterranean earth formation, wherein the pH of the buffered acidizing treatment fluid is from about 1.2 to about 5. The buffered acidizing treatment fluid itself includes the monovalent salt of monochloroacetic acid, the at least one acid and optionally an element to suppress salt precipitation.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a process for treating a subterranean earth formation by introducing a monovalent salt of monochloroacetic acid into said subterranean earth formation in the presence of a chelating agent which comprises at least one carboxylate group having a monovalent counterion and furthermore comprises a carbon chain carrying at least five hydroxyl groups. Preferably the cation of the monovalent salt of monochloroacetic acid is sodium.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a process for treating a subterranean earth formation by introducing an acidizing treatment fluid comprising a monovalent salt of monochloroacetic acid into said subterranean earth formation in the presence of at least one bromide or iodide salt or salt precursor, wherein the at least one bromide or iodide salt or salt precursor is introduced into the subterranean earth formation in an amount of from about 0.3 to about 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the acidizing treatment fluid. It also pertains to an acidizing treatment fluid comprising a monovalent salt of monochloroacetic acid, at least one bromide or iodide salt or salt precursor and optionally an element to suppress precipitation of calcium glycolate and/or at least one acid.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a process for treating a subterranean earth formation by introducing a buffered acidizing treatment fluid comprising a monovalent salt of monochloroacetic acid and at least one acid into said subterranean earth formation, wherein the pH of the buffered acidizing treatment fluid is from about 1.2 to about 5. It also pertains to a buffered acidizing treatment fluid comprising a monovalent salt of monochloroacetic acid, at least one acid and optionally an element to suppress salt precipitation.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a process for treating a subterranean earth formation by introducing a monovalent salt of monochloroacetic acid into said subterranean earth formation in the presence of a chelating agent which comprises at least one carboxylate group having a monovalent counterion and furthermore comprises a carbon chain carrying at least five hydroxyl groups. Preferably the cation of the monovalent salt of monochloroacetic acid is sodium.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for recovering HCl from a HCl containing gas stream wherein a HCl containing gas stream with a temperature of ?20 to 25° C. is provided to an adiabatic absorption unit where it is contacted with water as an absorbent, resulting in the formation of a top gas stream and a aqueous HCl product solution, wherein the temperature of the top gas stream is at least 70° C. and wherein the aqueous HCl product solution has a HCl concentration in the range of 5-20 wt. %. It is preferred for the HCl-containing gas stream to be derived from a hydrogenation step wherein a feed comprising monochloroacetic acid (MCA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is reacted with hydrogen to form a HCl-containing gas stream and a product stream comprising MCA and a reduced amount of DCA. The HCl product solution is preferably diluted to a concentration of 1-8 wt.

Abstract: A method for controlling an atmosphere in a space which is at least partially filled with agricultural or horticultural products comprises the steps of (a) measuring an amount of at least one metabolite such as acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate and/or ethanol produced by the products, (b) measuring at least one of (i) an amount of oxygen absorbed by the products and (ii) an amount of carbon dioxide produced by the products, (c) determining a relationship between the measured amount of the metabolite and the measured amount of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide, (d) analyzing the determined relationship to detect a potential onset of fermentation in the products and (e) selectively adjusting a level of at least one component of the atmosphere in the space on the basis of the analysis. An installation for carrying out this method is also claimed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for catalytic hydrodechlorination of dichloroacetic acid, wherein hydrogen gas is contacted with a liquid feed comprising dichloroacetic acid and monochloroacetic acid to form a product stream comprising monochloroacetic acid and an off gas stream comprising hydrogen chloride and hydrogen, and wherein the product stream is contacted with nitrogen gas so as to remove hydrogen gas present in the product stream.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for catalytic hydrodechlorination of dichloroacetic acid, wherein hydrogen gas is contacted with a liquid feed comprising dichloroacetic acid and monochloroacetic acid to form a product stream comprising monochloroacetic acid and an off gas stream comprising hydrogen chloride and hydrogen, and wherein the product stream is contacted with nitrogen gas so as to remove hydrogen gas present in the product stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a needle assembly (1) comprising: —a needle hub (2) adapted to be connected to a distal end of a medicament cartridge or cartridge holder (3), —a hollow needle (4) attached to the needle hub (2), the hollow needle (4) comprising a distal pointed tip (4.1), —a needle catch arm (5) attached to the needle hub (2) and adapted to be tilted toward the needle (4) for covering the distal pointed tip (4.1).

Abstract: The process of the present invention pertains to a process wherein a liquid feed comprising monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and optionally acetic acid and/or trichloroacetic acid is subjected to a catalytic hydrodechlorination step by contacting it with a source of hydrogen in the presence of a solid heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst situated in a fixed catalyst bed, wherein the liquid feed is fed to the top of avertical tubular reactor at a superficial mass velocity of between and 10 kg/s per square meter of the horizontal cross-section of the vertical tubular reactor and a rate of between 250 and 3,000 kg/hr per m of said catalyst bed, wherein the source of hydrogen is fed to the top or bottom of the vertical tubular reactor at a rate of between 0.025 to 0.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for the purification of a substantially water-free liquid feed comprising monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, optionally acid chlorides, optionally anhydrides, and optionally acetic acid, which comprises the steps of (a) adding water to the liquid feed so that a liquid feed is obtained comprising between 0.01 and 5% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the liquid feed, and (b) subsequently subjecting the liquid feed obtained in step (a) to a catalytic hydrodechlorination step by contacting it with a source of hydrogen to convert the dichloroacetic acid into monochloroacetic acid in the presence of a solid heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst comprising one or more metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements deposited on a carrier.

Abstract: The process of the present invention pertains to a process wherein a liquid feed comprising monochioroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and optionally acetic acid and/or trichioroacetic acid is subjected to a catalytic hydrodechlorination step by contacting it with a source of hydrogen in the presence of a solid heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst situated in a fixed catalyst bed, wherein the liquid feed is fed to the top of avertical tubular reactor at a superficial mass velocity of between and 10 kg/s per square meter of the horizontal cross-section of the vertical tubular reactor and a rate of between 250 and 3,000 kg/hr per m of said catalyst bed, wherein the source of hydrogen is fed to the top or bottom of the vertical tubular reactor at a rate of between 0.025 to 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing monochloroacetic acid (MCA) comprising a chlorination step and a hydrogenation step and is characterized in that said process comprises the removal of aldehydes from a process stream by oxidation using a peroxycarboxylic acid. A preferred peroxycarboxylic acid comprises peracetic acid. Preferably, the process is carried out at a temperature of 60–100° C., most preferably at atmospheric pressure. Preferably, an about equimolar amount of peroxycarboxylic acid is used relative to the molar amount of aldehydes present in the process stream. A practical choice for the process stream is the acetic acid recycle stream. The invention process provides a clear and colourless MCA end product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing monochloroacetic acid (MCA) comprising a chlorination step and a hydrogenation step and is characterized in that said process comprises the removal of aldehydes from a process stream by peroxidation using a peroxycarboxylic acid. A preferred peroxycarboxylic acid comprises peracetic acid. Preferably, the process is carried out at a temperature of 60-100° C., most preferably at atmospheric pressure. Preferably, an about equimolar amount of peroxycarboxylic acid is used relative to the molar amount of aldehydes present in the process stream. A practical choice for the process stream is the acetic acid recycle stream. The invention process provides a clear and colourless MCA end product.

Abstract: A coated bleach composition for laundering which contains from 1-97 weight percent of an amidoperoxyacid, and 0-98 weight percent of a hydratable amidoperoxyacid compatible material, less than 2.0 weight percent of water, and a coating of 2-30 weight percent of a water-soluble salt applied by spray coating on a fluidized bed, is disclosed.Also disclosed is a process for the coating of an amidoperoxyacid-containing bleach composition characterized by the steps of spraying, at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the amidoperoxyacid, a sufficient amount of an atomized spray of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble salt onto a fluidized bed of bleach composition containing an amidoperoxyacid to provide 2-30 weight percent of the water-soluble salt to the composition, and drying the coated composition to a water content of less than 2.0 weight percent. The coating of the composition eliminates caking problems encountered with the uncoated composition.